“These large annealers have double bead doors with built in point rest and mandrel racks for holding beads.”

“This idea was developed in 1820 by Thomas Burr, who produced a hydraulic press with a mandrel attached to the ram.”

“The barrel was pattern welded by winding a damascened band in a spiral around a mandrel.”

“Hollow work, as nuts and washers, may be equally operated on being driven by a mandril held in the chuck.”

“A child is employed to make them red-hot, and to lay them on a mandril nicely fitted to their size.”

“The instruments are made of soft iron, and are fixed in leaden chucks, which can be readily fastened to one end of the mandril.”