| Chemical mutagens or serial passages were employed earlier to decrease susceptibility to penicillin in BHS group A strains. |
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| Exposure to ionizing radiation or environmental mutagens and carcinogens may lead to genomic instability. |
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| Tobacco taken in the form of snuff contains mutagens that can cause nose tumors. |
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| After centrifugation, the cell pellet was processed for microgel electrophoresis to determine sensitivity to mutagens. |
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| Chemicals that cause changes in DNA sequence, or mutations, are called mutagens. |
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| These mutagens cause point mutations, because they change the genetic code at one point, so changing a protein's amino acid sequence. |
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| One study from the University of Texas Medical Center found the extract of wheatgrass inhibited the cancer-causing effects of two mutagens. |
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| Chemical mutagens and ionizing radiation have long been used as plant mutagens in forward genetic studies. |
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| These derivatives were noteworthy as potent mutagens for Salmonella strains, and were present in fine particles of diesel particulates. |
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| Poisons, mutagens, and carcinogens might be created in harmful concentrations. |
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| Chemical mutagens are classified as alkylating agents, cross-linking agents, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. |
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| A host of carcinogens spew forth, along with poisons, mutagens, and mind-altering drugs. |
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| The so-called Ames test is based on the fact that most carcinogens are mutagens. |
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| Significantly, their findings were supported by both in vivo and in vitro experiments using reference mutagens. |
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| We show here that these strains can be used to determine very easily the mutagenic specificity of various mutagens. |
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| Among the mutagens that have been used to induce mutations, chemical mutagens administered in various ways have become especially popular. |
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| Many carcinogens and mutagens have to be metabolized before their mutagenic activity can be detected. |
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| According to experimental data, some pesticides and organic solvents are considered potential chemical mutagens. |
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| The common position maintains the Commission approach and reinforces the criteria for mutagens, which are completely excluded. |
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| There may be specific types of mutagens, e.g. aneuploidy inducers, which act preferentially during meiotic gametogenesis stages. |
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| With the majority of chemical mutagens, induced aberrations are of the chromatid type, but chromosome-type aberrations also occur. |
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| Because of their mechanism of action, germ cell mutagens are likely to have carcinogenic effects. |
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| The integrity and stability of the genetic material is continuously being threatened by endogenous and exogenous factors such as chemical mutagens and radiation. |
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| Firstly, risks to the descendants of trial participants because of the inadvertent modification of germ cells are not identical to those for chemical mutagens. |
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| The purpose of this study was to determine if cooked meat containing only moderate concentrations of the known food mutagens would be detectably mutagenic. |
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| Unlike most chemical mutagens, which tend to cause point mutations, rays tend to produce larger aberrations such as chromosome deficiencies or rearrangements. |
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| American biochemist and geneticist who developed the Ames test for chemical mutagens. |
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| The test targets chemical mutagens, the agents that tend to increase the frequency or extent of genetic mutation. |
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| Current guidances for the detection of bacterial mutagens employ several strains to detect base substitution and frameshift point mutations. |
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| This test is used to screen for possible mammalian mutagens and carcinogens. |
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| Preventive measures must be taken for the protection of the health and safety of workers exposed to carcinogens or mutagens. |
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| This Directive shall apply to activities in which workers are or are likely to be exposed to carcinogens or mutagens as a result of their work. |
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| Dioxins are known mutagens and carcinogens and also cause serious skin diseases. |
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| It is important that we have effective binding limits for carcinogens, mutagens and substances toxic for reproduction. |
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| Both azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are known mutagens, and azathioprine has been classified as a human carcinogen. |
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| The assessment shall be renewed regularly and in any event when any change occurs in the conditions which may affect workers' exposure to carcinogens or mutagens. |
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| Teratogens differ from mutagens in that they generally do not damage genes or chromosomes. |
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| It is also recognised that certain classes of mutagens are not always detected using standard procedures such as the plate incorporation method or preincubation method. |
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| The objective is to add to Annex I of the Directive a list of substances classified as category 1 or 2 carcinogens, mutagens or substances toxic to reproduction. |
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| In all work situations workers must be protected in respect of preparations containing one or more carcinogens or mutagens and from carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds arising at work. |
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| It is a nucleophile able to trap electrophilic mutagens in lipophilic compartments and generates a metabolite that facilitates natriuresis. |
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| Many chemical mutagens, such as chlorinated hydrocarbons and nitrites, owe their toxicity to the production of halides and nitrous acid during their metabolism in the body. |
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| Consequently, the old wording of R phrase R40 will now be referred to as R68 and will continue to be used for mutagens of category 3 and for certain substances with non-lethal irreversible effects. |
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| Natural compounds in the human diet and their ability to bind mutagens prevents DNA-mutagen intercalation. |
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| Many mutagens fit into the space between two adjacent base pairs, this is called intercalation. |
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| Thirty-four aromas which are banned in cosmetics are permitted in toys. Carcinogens, mutagens and reproduction toxins which are banned in cosmetics are permitted in toys. |
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| Common PAHs include phenanthrenes, fluorenes, naphthalenes, fiuoranthrenes, and pyrenes, many of which are known mutagens and carcinogens. |
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| It shows that toluene, a fairly simple and nonmutagenic hydrocarbon found in virtually all urban air, can be converted photochemically into gas-phase mutagens. |
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| His current research interest is in the modulatory effects of natural products on the mutagenicity of direct and indirect acting mutagens and the genotoxicity of pesticides. |
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