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What is a plasmid?

What is a plasmid? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (cytology) A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from and replicates independently of the chromosomes, most commonly found in bacteria, but also in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer.
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Examples
Consequently, the conjugational activity can be low when most cells carry the plasmid but increase greatly in response to plasmid-free cells.
Each step in the curing procedures was monitored by electrophoresis of plasmid isolations.
The distribution of 2 plasmid DNA topoisomers was measured by Southern blot analysis with a radiolabeled 2 DNA probe.
Strains were transformed with a control centromeric plasmid or a centromeric plasmid carrying the wild-type GUK1 gene.
The same can also be expressed intracellularly when introduced through plasmid or viral vectors.
Thus we were able to clone the DNA sequence that flanked the transposon insertion using plasmid rescue.

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