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What is a plasmid?

What is a plasmid? Here are some definitions.

Noun
  1. (cytology) A loop of double-stranded DNA that is separate from and replicates independently of the chromosomes, most commonly found in bacteria, but also in archaeans and eukaryotic cells, and used in genetic engineering as a vector for gene transfer.
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Examples
The bacterium contains a plasmid, a circular piece of DNA that holds the gene and promoter sequence.
Consequently, the conjugational activity can be low when most cells carry the plasmid but increase greatly in response to plasmid-free cells.
Molecular access to the sda gene was via the sda HZ.P1 mutation by the method of plasmid rescue of genomic DNA flanking the transposon insertion.
The distribution of 2 plasmid DNA topoisomers was measured by Southern blot analysis with a radiolabeled 2 DNA probe.
Like bacteria, archaeans have no internal membranes and their DNA exists as a single loop called a plasmid.
Clearly, quenchable free radicals are the primary source of plasmid nicking in the purified solutions.

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