In most liverworts, the sporangium matures before the seta elongates, pushing the sporangium above the calyptra that protected it. |
A sensory cell with or without cilium is associated with each cuticular spine, seta, and gland cell of the trunk. |
A single seta of the tokay gecko is approximately 100 microns in length and 5 microns in diameter. |
Using new microelectromechanical systems force measurement techniques, Autumn et al. measured the force production of a single gecko seta. |
The sporangium differentiates after the seta elongates and is protected from injury and drying by the calyptra. |
If this is the case, setal morphology would have a greater effect on force of adhesion than surface chemistry of the seta or substrate. |