| These values correspond to the amounts of energy required to remove bonding electrons from an atom's valence electron shells. |
| Colors of light are related to the effects exerted on the valence electron of an excited atom. |
| The fourth valence electron in carbon has its orbital perpendicular to the plane. |
| This is especially important in alkali metals where the one valence electron is particularly sensitive to any core changes. |
| All elements in a specific group have equivalent outermost, or valence electron, configurations which accounts for the similarity in the number and type of chemical bonds these elements form. |
| This model is not as successful in treating metals such as aluminum, which have more than one valence electron. |
