| The valence electrons represent the outer electrons on the metal plus those from the ligand. |
| Such electrons are called valence electrons. |
| Ions that donate or accept one or two valence electrons form insulators. |
| The electrons in the highest energy level are called valence electrons. |
| Nonmetals with eight valence electrons are chemically unreactive. |
| Atoms of these elements have six valence electrons and tend to gain or acquire electrons in chemical reactions. |
