| These reactions, some of which are run on a large scale in the petroleum industry, are initiated by the protonation of saturated hydrocarbons. |
| The protonation of amino acid side chains was supposed to cause the reorganization of the native state into the so-called A-state. |
| Very few porphyrins are known to form J-aggregates, the main requisite being the zwitterionic character with the protonation of the pyrrole nitrogen in the macrocycle. |
| Protic eutectic ILs that is a protic eutectic mixture of hydrochloride salts and complexing agents produced via protonation and complexation. |
| Here, internal protonation processes between the chromophoric group and the proton binding site close to the chromophoric group were assumed. |
| This reaction is initiated by the electrophilic protonation of isobutylene. |
