| It can react either as an oxidant or a reducing agent, is a very good nucleophile, and is a base that can be protonated. |
| No one has ever observed hydrogen atoms in a glycoside hydrolase enzyme, and until now we did not know how the catalytic glutamic acid residue is protonated, said Kovalevsky. |
| Xanthate anions and protonated xanthic acid contain a free thiol moiety and are highly reductive. |
| This reaction probably involves proton transfer followed by electron transfer, which is the reason that the protonated imine is easier to reduce than the aldehyde. |
| In the second basic photocycle step, the chromophore is protonated and structural changes take place in the protein. |
| Initially, a single protonated surfactin molecule was equilibrated in vacuum. |
