| The thylakoid system was normally developed with grana composed of, on average, three to four stacked thylakoids. |
|
| The light-dependent reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of the grana within chloroplasts. |
|
| Those appressed to another thylakoid in a stack called a granum are "appressed" or "agranal" thylakoids. |
|
| After being targeted to the thylakoid membrane, the D1 protein elongation and membrane insertion occur concomitantly. |
|
| Chloroplasts in these plants were smaller and contained poorly developed thylakoid membrane systems. |
|
| Geranylgeraniol is distributed as a pyrophosphate ester in the envelope and thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. |
|
| In higher plant chloroplasts, many pigment-binding proteins are inserted into the thylakoid membrane and organized into multisubunit complexes called photosystems. |
|
| The thylakoid membrane envelops a central aqueous region known as the thylakoid lumen. |
|
| This arrangement, in which pigment aggregates exist on the thylakoid surfaces, is called a photosystem. |
|
| This process pumps protons across the membrane from the outside of the thylakoid membrane to the inside. |
|
| When these reduced plastoquinone molecules are oxidized, giving up electrons to the cytochrome-iron-sulfur complex, protons are released inside the thylakoid. |
|
