How to use subsurface in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Any regulations providing for the reclamation of mine lands should include not only surface mining but subsurface mining also. Also, in some areas they receive hydrothermal magmatic waters from the subsurface. A correlation technique was developed for estimating subsurface temperature from altimetric data. The Curie isotherm is a temperature surface in the Earth's subsurface connecting depths at which Curie temperatures are reached. It has been estimated that half the biomass of life on the Earth resides in the subsurface doing things other than photosynthesis. Septage can be incorporated into the land on either the surface or subsurface. The seismic data show faulting of the subsurface sediments, possibly as dikes were injected into the center of the basin. A lake can be closed in terms of surface hydrology, but may not be isolated from subsurface inflows and outflows. In some instances, subsurface information from drill holes, mine workings, and geophysical surveys provide supporting factual information. In most instances coals principally generate and expel gas on heating in the subsurface. Winged subsoilers are used to break up compact subsurface horizons to improve drainage and to increase effective rooting depth. Strong, continuous stratal reflections characterize the shallow subsurface on the upper and middle shelf. Block and boulder-strewn nubbins and castle koppies apparently evolve through the further weathering, in the subsurface, of incipient bornhardts. Additional control on the subsurface continuity of the strata is provided by seismic data. Devices called lysimeters are sometimes inserted into the ground to collect subsurface water, called leachate. The subsurface peak does have the effect of moving the apparent source of the transilluminated signal deeper into the tissue. Similarly, soils that are permeable tend to facilitate subsurface flow including interflow and throughflow, rather than surface run-off. Four landers will explore for subsurface liquid water using a novel low-frequency sounding method. Fresh impact craters are surrounded by fluidized ejecta patterns, likely produced by impact into subsurface water and ice. There are many devices and methods used to detect and quantify subsurface moisture. Show More Sentences In this phase, using higher frequency radio waves, the instrument will continue shallow probing of the subsurface and start atmospheric sounding. And if that's the case, perhaps there's a whole biota, a whole subsurface biota, that we have yet to discover. These features probably form in the shallow subsurface and are exhumed by submarine erosion. Ground penetrating radar provides an image of the subsurface showing the internal structure of dunes. A subsurface impulse radar system on board a cutter was used to measure brash ice thickness in the Great Lakes. The fossil water is characterized by high total mineralization as a result of long residence times in the subsurface. Rocks in intermediate-burial settings experience chemical compaction as well as subsurface cementation and dissolution. They begin beneath the roadbed where subsurface water meets the advancing frost line and forms a layer of ice, called a lens. It seeps through the earth to a subsurface water table, which flows horizontally to a stream bank. The removal of excess surface water or groundwater from land by natural runoff and permeation, or by surface or subsurface drains. The boundaries of parcels posted for lands that either abut or surround these subsurface lands may be described by simple exclusion. Iceland sits precariously atop the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a vast undersea mountain range whose subsurface volcanoes account for much of the country's tumultuous terrain. One such invention was the rotating cruciform gravity gradiometer mass detector, which measures Earth's subsurface mass variations or gravitational multipole moments. Knowledge of the surface attributes of a landscape also enables a geologist to infer or predict subsurface characteristics and relationships. Instead of effluent, sludge is applied to the surface and the filtrate flows down through the subsurface to collect in drains. Since such cracks usually form only at the surface, subsurface desiccation cracks have been used as a claim against flood geology. These currents are largely produced by electrochemical reactions and fluid flow in the subsurface, and the measurable voltages can be up to several hundred millivolts. Most microbes live in near-surface or shallow subsurface diagenetic settings where temperatures and pressures are relatively low and nutrients are abundant. Also known as diffusers, subsurface aerators consist of an onshore compressor that pumps air through a hose placed in the deepest part of the pond. Another is the reflections off the water's surface, the refraction, and what I would call subsurface scattering of light, or the diffusion of light. Show More Sentences In January 2007 he became the Chairman of the Committee on forest resources, subsurface and water use of the Ulyanovsk oblast. Most subsurface drains are constructed by excavating a trench, installing a tile, and backfilling the trench. Individual surface drains also are used to supplement subsurface systems by removing water from ponded areas. Thin layering in sedimentary rocks, preferred orientation of crystals or the presence of fractures in subsurface rocks cause anisotropic wave propagation in rock layers. The biodegradation of waste materials releases gases such as methane and carbon dioxide to the subsurface. A negative gravity anomaly is commonly, but not always, associated with subsurface evaporite deposits in New Brunswick. While surface erosion caused by water can produce dramatic landscapes in many badlands, a considerable amount of subsurface erosion in the form of tunnels can also occur. In 1957 a deep countercurrent was detected beneath the Gulf Stream with the aid of subsurface floats emitting acoustic signals. Its mandate is to establish, preserve, and present collections that represent the subsurface of the Appalachians. Tubing is attached to the pile reinforcing rods, and fluid pumped through it carries the absorbed subsurface heat to the heat pump. The first approach aims at the large quantities of residual organic matter associated with high permeability in subsurface mining damage zones as geological filters to remove CO2 from flue gas Like the rest of the world's seas, the Sargasso Sea has a population of the subsurface algae called coccoliths as well as planktonic foraminifera. If subsurface conditions exist similar to those described in the preceding paragraph, then the possibility of an extant lunar parabiology must not be dismissed in a cavalier manner. Paper-based fieldwork methods have made fundamental contributions to our current state of knowledge of the Earth's surface and subsurface geology. The underlying cause of all earthquakes is the build-up of stress in subsurface rocks—invisible at the Earth's surface. It's driven by the proximity to salt in the subsurface, and a whole load of other issues relating to the groundwater movement. Reprehensive core and rock debris are often obtained to help determine the subsurface geology and amount of mineral resources. Deep ocean renewal time is about 500 years on average, but some subsurface waters are much older. We're also concerned about the disposal of in situ waste and the movement of that material underground in the subsurface channels. You may find large areas of land that the surface rights are Inuit owned land, but the subsurface is managed by the Crown. Show More Sentences Patterns of sediment deposition in lakes depend on the rates of supply in inflowing waters and on subsurface currents and topography. Either way, the one-handed rod was the common denominator for chunking topwater plugs, spinnerbaits and subsurface lures amid the sloughs and backwaters. This research will conduct an evaluation of the feasibility of permanently sequestering CO2 in subsurface magnesium silicate rocks. Throughout much of the state, subsurface drainage has been necessary to make wet soils tillable and productive. Alteration in catchment subsurface water balances through land-use change and pumping can affect lake biogeochemical cycles through changes in groundwater flow rates. The volumes of material would be considerably less in an in situ or modified in situ mining process than in either surface or subsurface mining processes. Both coal mining and hard rock subsurface mining activities could be expected to produce emissions from the operation of vehicles and the exhaust of internal combustion engines. Alternatives for minimizing or controlling ground-water quality or quantity problems related to subsurface mining activities are evaluated for their effectiveness. Chemical pollution in the Western United States is primarily caused by the leaching of mill tailings and refuse piles associated with various mining activities, including subsurface mining. Such digging, if not properly planned and executed, can damage or destroy tree root systems, restrict tree root growth, and alter subsurface soil water movement. Cultivating and subsurface packing after every rain prevented the soil from crusting and maintained a protective mulch that kept the moisture from evaporating. The perpetually frozen subsurface known as permafrost lies a few feet beneath the surface of the islands in the delta and exists discontinuously beneath the entire Mackenzie Lowlands north of Great Slave Lake. Bobbers drift freely with the horizontal currents at their depths, similar to conventional subsurface floats. It is also possible that volcanic activity on Mars will occasionally melt subsurface ice, creating large temporary lakes. When sedimentary strata accumulate through time, the environment can shift, forming a change in facies in the subsurface at one location. In the subsurface, such geographic shifts of sedimentary environments of the past are recorded in shifts in sedimentary facies. Brown rats live in large, hierarchical groups, either in burrows or subsurface places, such as sewers and cellars. Vibrations ripple belowground and are partially reflected back to the surface by the geological strata they encounter, yielding millions of data that are processed to recreate a 3D image of the subsurface. There's a possible feeling that the subsurface oceans might be the most common sort of habitats for life in our galaxy, rather than places like the Earth. A porous and permeable subsurface rock layer that contains a separate accumulation of petroleum that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is characterized by a single pressure system. Show More Sentences Before we could lay the flooring we had to lay a subsurface under it to keep it flat and support it. Involuted Hill, located approximately 15 km east of the village of Tuktoyaktuk, is one of these ice-cored hills that has been intensely studied in the subsurface by drilling and geophysics over the past 25 years. It is proposed to use one subsurface transmission line to transport the pulp slurry and the second to recirculate the water back to the groundwood mill. The islands in this area represent approximately 1,650 square kilometres of land mass of which almost 1,050 square kilometres will be owned by the Crees, including rights to the land and subsurface resources. It is an important process for managing levels of groundwater that occurs both naturally through the water cycle and anthropologically where reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface. From the sounds recorded they were able to plot the subsurface behaviour of molten rock, or magma, as it moved over 40km and erupted on the North Pacific Ocean floor. The investigation describes any potential site instability, such as collapse, subsidence, surface uplift, and liquefaction of the subsurface materials. Paleontological studies are inseparable from stratigraphic research and are essential to the understanding and correlation of surface and subsurface sedimentary rocks. Because of the advanced degree of subsurface geological interpretation required, this activity should be performed by, or in close co-operation with, geological surveys in each jurisdiction. Most often, releases are to the subsurface as a result of leaking storage tanks, and pools of pure coal tar have been discovered at many abandoned gasworks sites, many of which reaching nearby watercourses. While phototroph communities are constrained by their metabolic lifestyle to surface migrations, chemotroph communities can thrive independent of sunlight and, theoretically, access much of the YNP subsurface. She is currently studying fluctuating Holocene lakes levels in the Great Lakes basin, as well as the formation of pingo-like features in the Beaufort Sea and their link to subsurface degassing. The discovery means Enceladus, a 300 mile-wide moon of the ringed planet, is the only place beyond Earth that is known to be hydrothermally active, providing a natural heating system for the subsurface ocean. This could necessitate adjustments in terms of CF-18s, tanker aircraft, the navy's major surface and subsurface combatants, shipborne ground-to-air-based radars, and data fusion arrangements. Influence of dissimilatory metal reduction on fate of organic and metal contaminants in the subsurface. Evidently, the subsurface layer was semifluid at some time in the past, although additional spacecraft missions are needed to tell when this happened and whether a subsurface ocean of water still exists. Work on Ellef Ringnes Island will produce new geological maps for the surface and subsurface of this island, as well as examine the evaporite domes and their associated modern and fossil hydrocarbon seeps. Earth's oceans, though, are smaller than those beneath the icy crust of Europa and Europa's siblings Callisto and Ganymede may well have subsurface oceans, too, as may Triton. In semi-arid and arid regions, accumulation of saline soils in a subsurface layer sometimes limits rooting of fruit trees, causes abnormal foliar symptoms, and reduces yields. The combined use of surface and subsurface moisture sensors allows you to map, limit and classify complex relation­ships, e.g. hygroscopic humidity occurrences due to salt build-up or to locate seal breaches and leaks. Show More Sentences Additional work on the subsurface of Sabine Peninsula and adjacent offshore areas using existing seismic data will help establish the timing relationships between salt movement and hydrocarbon migration. As well observable surface soil moisture characteristics on bare agricultural fields can generally be related to surficial and subsurface soil textural properties. Samples of subsurface peat deposits were also made outside the park to determine the age and composition of sub-fossil mosses that will be radiocarbon dated. The first paragraph of the report says it all:Greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise. In addition, the operations technical subsurface engineering manager also meets with the board of directors, as well as in private with the non-employee members of the board to review the company's reserves data. It is not known whether the subsurface fatigue crack existed when the rail flaw detection car passed over the rail approximately six months before the derailment. The Environmental Protection Act contains a duty for owners and users of real estate to inform the inspection authority immediately if they cause or ascertain pollution of the property's soil or subsurface. They conduct theoretical and applied research to extend knowledge of surface and subsurface features of the earth, its history and the operation of physical, chemical and biological systems that control its evolution. Park the machine on a level area with a solid subsurface. It provides a comprehensive review of a site or facility to evaluate suspected environmental impairments and the extent of possible surface and subsurface contamination. The boundary or limit assigned to a spacing unit is the surface area assigned to the spacing unit and the subsurface vertically, to any depth, beneath that area. In some cases, people may change the use of the land to try to reduce the risk of making contact with subsurface submunitions that is posed by digging and ploughing. Geological maps and other appropriate reference sources for the region are examined to determine the existence of natural features that could affect the surface and subsurface stability of the site. Surface drainage rather than subsurface systems. The site has thick clayey soils, with subsurface horizons stiff with illuviated clay. The Viae glareatae were earthed roads with a graveled surface or a gravel subsurface and paving on top. Computer models showed the possibility of subsurface currents delivering oil to the surface in an upwelling off the Florida Shelf. Stratigraphers also analyze data from geophysical surveys that show the locations of stratigraphic units in the subsurface. These shales are an important source rock for oil and gas, for example in the subsurface of the North Sea. The anticline continues uninterrupted in the subsurface of the Strait of Dover and English Channel. Show More Sentences Jupiter's moon Europa has surface characteristics which suggest a subsurface liquid water ocean. Geological maps show not only the surface, but characteristics of the underlying rock, fault lines, and subsurface structures. All the subsurface mines were closed by 2001, although some open pit coal mining continues near Stellarton. Bedrock may also experience subsurface weathering at its upper boundary, forming saprolite. The stalagmite and stalactite are the two main subsurface features in a Carboniferous Limestone area. The soils of the study area are classified as Alfisols, characterized by a subsurface horizon in which silica has accumulated by illuviation. The surface buoy also provides a platform for making meteorological measurements and a structure for telemetering both surface and subsurface data via satellite. This environment, highly acidic and devoid of oxygen, denies the prevalent subsurface aerobic organisms any opportunity to initiate decomposition. Micro irrigation is the slow application of water on, above, or below the soil by surface drip, subsurface drip, bubbler, and micro-sprinkler systems. Because the geology of the subsurface cannot be examined directly, indirect techniques must be used to estimate the size and recoverability of the resource. Sinkholes and other subsurface voids were the object of inquiry in. This creates a landscape geologists call karst, which lacks surface drainage but which has all manner of characteristic surface and subsurface features. Caves are common subsurface features in limestone landscapes. GeoOptics listens to these microseisms through subsurface geophones and a system of hardware and software that collects and analyzes downhole activity. The soil around seedlings showing plant stress symptoms from root pruning, hypocotyl or subsurface stems was carefully excavated to locate insects associated with such damage. Evaporite rock, such as gypsum, anhydrite, and rock salt are nonporous, but do provide a highly impermeable barrier to the migration of subsurface fluids. However, in an underground oil reservoir the proportions of gas, liquid, and solid depend on subsurface conditions and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture. In contrast, the Mount Cap microfossils from both outcrop and subsurface horizons are truly exceptional in terms of preservational quality and paleobiological significance. The horizontal structure of each lens is influenced by variations in the type and porosity of the subsurface deposits, which on Diego Garcia are minor. One of the major obstacles to bioaugmentation, or adding degradative bacteria to remediate subsurface contamination, is that bacteria often adhere strongly to solid surfaces. Show More Sentences In addition to protection from fish bite, subsurface moorings required a nonelastic mooring line so that the subsurface flotation could be positioned precisely. Geophysical data and well logs can be combined to produce a better view of the subsurface, and stratigraphers often use computer programs to do this in three dimensions. Petroleum geologists study the locations of the subsurface of the Earth which can contain extractable hydrocarbons, especially petroleum and natural gas. The group is found in England, northern France, the low countries, northern Germany, Denmark and in the subsurface of the southern part of the North Sea. The landfill has a long history of odor complaints and hydrogen sulfide emissions exceeding the recommended safety level and is suspected of harboring subsurface fires. The ERT method has been used in order to determine the distribution of subsurface materials resistivities by making measurements at the ground level. Examples from Classical Literature It also soon appeared that the German U-boats would not fight our subsurface vessels. At 125th Street and Lenox Avenue one of the most complicated network of subsurface structures was encountered. The effect in a given region depends to a large degree on local surface and subsurface geologic conditions. There was a vast amount of whisper and low-toned wordiness, subsurface complaint and counter-complaint. A subsurface drain, some fifty feet long and connected with the gutter of an intersecting road, took care of the lawn. The submarine has two sets of engines, one for surface travel and the other for subsurface travel. In order to recharge these batteries and gain motive power for subsurface travel, the submarine has to come to the surface. I'll have the subsurface part, from the sixth floor down, airsealed. Astronomers have, for the first time, measured the depth and extent of a subsurface sea on ice-covered Enceladus. The weighty surface pressures are forcing some real estate currents to go subsurface, transforming important real estate fundamentals into undertows. Find more words! 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What is the opposite of subsurface? Words that rhyme with subsurface What is the plural of subsurface? Use our Sentence Generator Nearby Words subsumption subsuming subsumes subsumed subsume subsumable subsurface mining subsystem subsystems subtasks subtenant subtend 10-letter Words Starting With s su sub subs subsu subsur subsurf subsurfa subsurfac