| Pashas, khedives, sultans, kings, colonial proconsuls, colonels, and generals have taken turns ruling it autocratically and ruthlessly. |
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| It was French culture and French institutions which the Khedives had tried to adopt. |
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| Part of the Ottoman Empire from 1517, it became practically autonomous under the rule of the Khedives during the nineteenth century. |
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| On display are the royal trains of the Khedives and their magnificent carriages. |
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| He finally declared Egypt as an autonomous state under the Ottoman sovereignty, and started a dynasty of Khedives and Kings that lasted for over a century. |
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| Sultans, Khedives, Kings and Presidents have held unlimited power. |
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