The ripple effect will certainly not stop at the boundary of that trophic level or of that level where those stocks feed. |
Being meat eaters, carnivores are at the top of the food chain and form the highest trophic level within ecosystems. |
Local extinctions of native species may occur at the invading species' own trophic level or at different trophic levels. |
The blue marlin occupies a high trophic level, feeding on pelegic and benthic organisms in the ecosystem of the open ocean. |
Furthermore, different guilds within the herbivore trophic level may be influenced differently by N addition, predators, and abiotic conditions. |
The flow of energy from one trophic level to another can be pictured in the form of an energy pyramid. |