| Neither of these jawless fish has a bony skeleton, but most of the fossil groups listed on the cladogram had a fairly extensive covering of bony plates. |
| To represent this, we have used multiple lines drawn to paraphyletic groups in the cladogram above. |
| The backbone of the cladogram is more similar to the rbcL cladogram of Richardson et al. |
| The result of a cladistic analysis is a cladogram, a diagram of nested synapomorphies that defines relationships in a relative way. |
| This large amount of overlap drives the inference of isolation-by-distance for the overall cladogram. |
| Biologists often specify the evolutionary relationships among organisms via a treelike diagram called a cladogram. |
