“These anomalies are often extra appendages or processes, and are probably most often produced by injury when the exoskeleton is soft.”

“As in all arthropods, the eye surface had to be molted along with the rest of the hard exoskeleton.”

“Upon ecdysis, a chitinous duplicature of the exoskeleton is shed and a growth band is added to the valves.”

“The ocean surrounding Australia is home to several species of sea urchins, which form elaborate exoskeletons made from carbonate minerals.”

“By any measure, decapods are underrepresented in the fossil record by comparison with organisms with more heavily calcified exoskeletons.”

“Fish eat snails in their shells and hard-shelled crustacea as well as invertebrates with exoskeletons.”