| Mandibular length refers to the distance between the posterior ramus and the inner mentum. |
| The ramus can either be short or absent and the chin tends to lean on that side. |
| The French rame, an oar, is remus, but that modified by an unconscious recollection of ramus. |
| Cut the last holes of the posterior vertical portion of the plate to adjust it to the length of the ramus. |
| The more primitive forms have branchial respiratory processes developed on a ramus of each of the post-oral appendages. |
| Fulfillment of these requisites dictates the position of the ramus and its angle. |
