| Table 2 indicates that the two groups were statistically equivalent on the pretests. |
| There were no statistically significant differences between the pretests and the post-tests for Group 1 regarding Role Ambiguity and Physical Environment. |
| In response, teachers spend large amounts of time having their students take pretests in preparation for the standardized test. |
| Data collection was anonymous, with a request for students to list the last four digits of their social security number so we could match pretests and posttests. |
| During the following school year, five classes consisting of 61 kindergartners were administered CAP pretests and posttests in September and April, respectively. |
| Pretests were scored using the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric. |
