| In response, teachers spend large amounts of time having their students take pretests in preparation for the standardized test. |
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| As mentioned earlier, the comparison group includes nine eligible couples that completed pretests and follow-up tests, but did not participate in treatment. |
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| Table 2 indicates that the two groups were statistically equivalent on the pretests. |
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| After the pretests were completed, the intervention group began receiving the classroom guidance lessons twice per week for the next 9 weeks. |
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| This lack of clarity may produce 'average' responses on pretests which do not differ much from slightly-improved post-treatment tests. |
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| There were no statistically significant differences between the pretests and the post-tests for Group 1 regarding Role Ambiguity and Physical Environment. |
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| Data collection was anonymous, with a request for students to list the last four digits of their social security number so we could match pretests and posttests. |
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| Pretests were scored using the Holistic Critical Thinking Scoring Rubric. |
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