| Aten uses the term spatial price indexes to label these estimates, which can be seen as the regional equivalent of purchasing power parities for consumption. |
| Moreover, sharp reversals in market sentiment can put intense pressure on currency parities and shut off a country's access to financial markets. |
| The comparative price levels are measured as the ratio between the purchasing power parities and the market exchange rates for each country. |
| Some countries, particularly Asian ones, have no interest in the parities of major currencies being modified. |
