| First, physicians tend to be concerned about using opioids in terminal patients for fear of suppressing respiration and hastening death. |
| Historical evidence suggests that law enforcement has been useful in the control of alcohol, tobacco, amphetamine, and opioids. |
| As a result, pharmaceutical companies have produced alternative opioids such as oxycodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, methadone, and tramadol. |
| Thus, the researchers proposed the hypothesis that alcohol releases endogenous opioids and that naltrexone blocks the opioid receptor. |
| Hypoxia increases central nervous system levels of specific neuroinhibitors such as endogenous opioids, adenosine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid. |
| Patients who are dependent on opioids or benzodiazepines may require detoxification from these substances as well. |
