| The black-tailed and white-tailed prairie dogs were mostly monandrous, but the Gunnison's and Utah prairie dogs were mostly polyandrous. |
| Analysis of the microsatellite markers showed that both queens and workers contributed to policing of worker and queen-laid eggs even in monogynous and monandrous colonies. |
| It is a predominantly monandrous species in which a reduced frequency of polyandry has proved to be modulated by both genetic and environmental or physiological factors. |
| All species studied are monandrous orchids, therefore the number of pollen presented in the Table 2 corresponds to the number of pollen grains per flower. |
| Longevity of monandrous females was not related to female body weight, nor was there any relationship between degree of polyandry and female body weight. |
| Polyandrous litters survived well in both solitary and communal nests, but monandrous ones survived significantly more in communal nests than in solitary ones. |
