| The medullary cones function as countercurrent units that achieve the production of hyperosmotic urine. |
| Gene expression of taurine transporter and taurine biosynthetic enzymes in brain of rats with acute or chronic hyperosmotic plasma. |
| For example, intestinal cells always have to cope with variable osmotic media since the luminal content of the intestine is hyperosmotic in relation to blood plasma. |
| Increased degradation of blood protein, especially of Hc, has been observed in several euryhaline crab species during hyperosmotic stress. |
| The receptors flatten when exposed to increased osmotic pressure, such as that experienced when swimming in sea water hyperosmotic to the body fluids. |
| Hyperosmotic urine can be understood in light of the law of diffusion and osmolarity. |
