| There have also been reports of oropharyneal irritation and very rare reports of hyperglycemia. |
| Metabolic: hyperglycemia, glycosuria, and negative nitrogen balance due to protein catabolism. |
| Three key features of diabetic acidosis are hyperglycemia, ketosis, and acidosis. |
| The glucose level should be determined to rule out hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and to help diagnose occult diabetes. |
| When a patient has beta cell defects, first-phase insulin secretion is impaired and eventually lost, which results in fasting hyperglycemia. |
| Diabetes mellitus is defined as metabolic disorders of various etiologies characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia. |
