| Reference to the pericardium, epicardium, myocardium, endocardium and valves, chordae, ventricular thicknesses, and aorta and major vessels may be included. |
| It has been known that muscle fibers in a heart are arranged in such a way that their orientation changes continuously from endocardium to epicardium of the free wall. |
| An echocardiogram showed that the tip of the pacemaker catheter extended through the right ventricular apical wall of the epicardium. |
| The difference in the spacings in the top epicardium layer and the rest of the heart may indicate that sarcomere lengths in those regions are different. |
| Additional conduction delay from endocardium to epicardium then moves the J wave out of the QRS complex. |
| In the systolic and diastolic phases of heartbeat, two contour lines were drawn to delineate the endocardium and epicardium. |
