| Most materials are either ferromagnetic or ferroelectric based on the number of electrons in the ion's outer electron shell. |
| When bonded to two hydrogen atoms, the outer electron shell of the oxygen atom is filled. |
| Atoms naturally have a positive or negative charge, depending on the number of electrons in the outer electron shell. |
| Then, it is observed that there is displacement of electron shell against positive nucleus. |
| In particular, the effects of the ligand field on the five d orbitals of an inner electron shell of the central atom are considered. |
| Since it takes eight electrons to fill the electron shell, a silicon atom is continually looking for four electrons to bond with. |
