| There is a single persistent bract subtending each pedicel and the seeds are crescent shaped and ridged along the margins but not undulate or furfuraceous. |
| Each floret is in the axil of a chaffy bract and these are arranged spirally or distichously in spikelets. |
| Bract length was measured from the base of the bract to the apex of the midrib for both pistillate and staminate plants. |
| Bags have to be put on early in the season as bract damage can occur at bud stage, as well as when birds feed on the open flowers. |
| Each scale is free from the bract below it and bears two inverted ovules on its upper side. |
| The cones are cylindrical, greenish-pink to purple before maturity, and smooth with the bract scales short and not exserted. |
