| In 1924, when the Turkish revolution overthrew the Ottomans, the caliphate was abolished. |
| Last century, the world was silent when, under the Ottomans, the Armenians were systematically slaughtered. |
| Giovanni Mansueti's painting, St. Peter Baptizing Anianus, depicts Ottomans and Mamelukes mingling with Venetians. |
| Under the Ottomans they lived in tekkes or lodges, which were similar in nature to monasteries, and lived off alms. |
| The local tributary rulers were deposed because they refused to pay their dues, and the ruler of Gilan was making overtures to the Ottomans. |
| Russia defeated the Ottomans in 1878, leading to the reestablishment of a Bulgarian state. |
