| They were later joined by the Ciskei to become the so-called TBVC states. |
| He said the Ciskei Defence Force standing orders specified the use of minimum force whenever soldiers had to fire. |
| Black political organizations were unbanned in February, the ANC leader Nelson Mandela was released from jail, and in March the Ciskei homeland government collapsed. |
| Bongani Blessing Finca is director of Lovedale Press in the Ciskei, South Africa. |
| The 184,000 hectare property on the eastern banks of the Fish River fell within the then Ciskei region, a former Bantustan homeland during the apartheid administration. |
| Numerous efforts by the police to evict people, including forcibly removing them to the Transkei and Ciskei, failed to stem the flow of people to the area. |
