| He said the Ciskei Defence Force standing orders specified the use of minimum force whenever soldiers had to fire. |
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| Anybody who doubts this need only travel along the South Coast in the old Transkei and Ciskei, where traditional leaders still rule. |
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| Black political organizations were unbanned in February, the ANC leader Nelson Mandela was released from jail, and in March the Ciskei homeland government collapsed. |
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| During apartheid, the lower reaches formed the western boundary of the nominally independent Ciskei homeland. |
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| The Ciskei had non-Xhosa-speaking white psychiatrists who depended on interpreters. |
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| Bongani Blessing Finca is director of Lovedale Press in the Ciskei, South Africa. |
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| They were later joined by the Ciskei to become the so-called TBVC states. |
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| Numerous efforts by the police to evict people, including forcibly removing them to the Transkei and Ciskei, failed to stem the flow of people to the area. |
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| The 184,000 hectare property on the eastern banks of the Fish River fell within the then Ciskei region, a former Bantustan homeland during the apartheid administration. |
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