| If this were the case, the first and third of these mechanisms must involve a stable triplex substate. |
|
| Allowing the enjoyment of self-determination to substate national groups makes membership in a multinational state more equitable for their members and enhances the legitimacy of such a state. |
|
| The phenomenon of actors, other than states, engaging in international relations is called substate diplomacy here. |
|
| This would mean a fundamental shift in paradigm in the United Nations' approach to substate tiers of government. |
|
| Today, both substate and non-state actors are said to be harnessing-or preparing to harness-the power of the Internet to harass and attack their foes. |
|
| The government has cited constitutional limitations in objecting to the establishment of a substate, which the front has defined as a territory that would have considerable local authority over security and natural resources. |
|
| However, it suggested that Mr. Aquino is constrained in what he can offer the front, which has been demanding that the president begin the process of amending the Philippine Constitution to accommodate a substate. |
|
| In terms of terrorist web sites and their removal, private initiatives instituted by a range of substate actors in conjunction with ISPs have been much more successful. |
|
