All states and dominions which hold or have held sway over mankind are either republics or monarchies. |
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It is an evil inevitably attendant on the dominion of sovereign democratic republics. |
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Both fought for infant republics and the rights of man against the excesses of monarchy. |
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This led to an increased number of participation of players from the Soviet breakaway republics in Europe and chess was never the same. |
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Legislative power, for its part, was vested in the USSR Supreme Soviet and in the constituent soviets of the republics. |
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Ukraine and the other former Soviet republics believe they can meet these criteria. |
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In the 1990s, governors of oblasts and presidents of republics acquired significant political autonomy. |
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They were ruled by oligarchies or councils of elders, or some mixture of the two, and might therefore best be called tribal republics. |
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In the small, slave-owning and warlike Greek republics, all free men had a say in government. |
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The president pointed out the two also discussed the delicate and evolving political climates in other former Soviet republics. |
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To have a federation of republics, there has to be a central federal authority, and that in itself can lead to problems. |
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Although they are familiar to Indologists, these republics are hardly known to other historians. |
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There is a curious discussion in the Spanish press as, to the possibility of confederating the Latin republics of South America with Spain. |
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Serbia, one of two Yugoslav republics, makes up 90 percent of Yugoslavia's population of 10 million. |
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What was possible in Moscow, however, was political in the satellite republics. |
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Once these republics seceded, however, the legal status of minorities, such as the Serbs in Croatia, was undermined. |
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The process was designed, in Stalin's words, to produce republics and autonomous regions that were national in form, but socialist in content. |
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In the Russian empire of the tsars there had been no national republics, just non-ethnic provinces. |
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Today each of the republics of the former Yugoslavia use their own language, but they are all Slavic languages similar to Serbo-Croatian. |
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Democratic republics can no more dispense with national idols than monarchies with public functionaries. |
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Most of the institutional devices typical of modern democracies were forged in republics or limited monarchies. |
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The films are the first programming to be broadcast in all six former Yugoslav republics. |
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They are followed by other Europeans such as Russians, Ukrainians, Romanians and experts from the Baltic republics. |
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Wine was viewed by some republics as a potential earner of hard currency, by others as useful barter. |
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As these republics struggle to reimagine themselves as sovereign states, they are drawn to their ancient ethnic roots. |
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Unitary states may be created from a number of republics, kingdoms, and principalities, as with Germany and Italy. |
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A lot of African countries have become banana republics because they tend to be emotional, to Africanize just for the sake of it. |
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Though certainly a nationalist, he was by no means the most rightwing exponent in either Serbia or the other former Yugoslav republics. |
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In 1797, Tom Paine argued that all new democratic republics, including France and the United States, should guarantee every 21-year old citizen a wealth stake. |
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After a long eclipse during the Middle Ages, the tradition of Greek and Roman republicanism was revived in the Italian republics of the Renaissance. |
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The 81-year-old pontiff flew to the Armenian capital of Yerevan from Kazakhstan on the fourth day of a six-day trip to the two former Soviet republics. |
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The modern Macedonian state is formed from one of communist Yugoslavia's six constituent republics where the Macedonians were recognized as a distinct people. |
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For almost fifteen years now, the two republics have squabbled over money, European Union status and, you guessed it, borders. |
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In 1798 Holland and Switzerland had both become unitary and democratic republics, the Batavian and the Helvetic, under the patronage of the Directory. |
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When the Berlin Wall fell, he did not crow but allowed democracy to take root on its own merits in the former Soviet republics. |
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The consolation prize was three cases of Cobra beer, two bottles of purple stuff from one of the breakaway Soviet republics and enough biltong to make a grown vegan weep. |
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Machiavelli relied heavily on the dichotomy between republican and princely government, Montesquieu on a trichotomy of republics, monarchies, and despotisms. |
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He noted that none of the militaries of the former Soviet republics could withstand a full-scale Russian invasion. |
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The three union republics of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia, as well as the Moldavian union republic, dated from the 1940s and still had memories of old, pre-Soviet times. |
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While they pursued this non-military course, local media relentlessly reported on irredentist and chauvinistic campaigns gaining momentum in neighboring republics. |
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The first track seeks to strengthen Baltic sovereignty and promote internal reforms by integrating the three republics into European and Euro-Atlantic institutions. |
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Yet in the decades after World War II, Ukraine was arguably the most productive of the Soviet republics and Kiev was the provincial posting that Muscovites fought for. |
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The immediate and direct result of the surrender was that the two former Boer republics lost their independence and had to submit to British sovereignty. |
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In a collective farm, at least as organized in the former Soviet republics, the land was owned by the state but was permanently leased to the kolkhoz. |
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I prefer to envision a multipolar world, hopefully dominated by democracies built on strong and free republics, well informed by humanitarian ideologies. |
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As Machiavelli stresses in chapter 2, his interest lies not in republics as such, but rather in the government of cities, whether they are ruled as republics or as princedoms. |
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Many in the neighboring North Caucasus republics say they envy chechnya its strong leader. |
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Croatia is also a lot more expensive than a lot of the other former Yugoslav republics to live in, yet this still did not send people towards begging. |
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And as already mentioned, the reformers in Russia and some other former Soviet republics sought to reverse the decentralizing reforms of Gorbachev's perestroika. |
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That was a nice long discussion, comparing monarchies, democracies, republics, oligarchies, and all the different systems of government there were. |
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A number of ministries, such as education, now became two formally equal bodies in the two formally equal republics. |
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Currently all of the states are republics, but until World War II all countries were monarchies. |
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Advocacy of republics is called republicanism, while advocacy of monarchies is called monarchism. |
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The Crusaders opened trade routes which enabled the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. |
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Capitalist economies began their rise, beginning in northern Italian republics such as Genoa. |
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Along with several other Soviet republics, from 1988 onwards, Moldova started to move towards independence. |
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The invasion conquered a huge area, including the Baltic republics, Belarus, and West Ukraine. |
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Wherever France conquered, Italian republics were set up, with constitutions and legal reforms. |
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Finland and Iceland have been parliamentary republics since their independence. |
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By 1991, economic and political turmoil began to boil over, as the Baltic republics chose to secede from the Soviet Union. |
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Referenda in Tuvalu in 2008 and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 2009 both rejected proposals to become republics. |
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Nominally a union of multiple equal national Soviet republics, its government and economy were highly centralized. |
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In 1922, the Soviet Union was formed with the unification of the Russian, Transcaucasian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian republics. |
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Ireland did not reapply when the rules were altered to permit republics to join. |
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After the territorial losses of the Treaty of Versailles, the remaining states continued as republics of a new German federation. |
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In Russia, Ukraine and some other former USSR republics educational degrees are awarded after finishing college education. |
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The remaining 12 republics continued discussing new, increasingly looser, models of the Union. |
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Under the 1992 Lisbon Protocol, Russia also agreed to receive all nuclear weapons remaining in the territory of other former Soviet republics. |
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The term was in common usage in both the Boer republics and the Cape Colony by the late nineteenth century. |
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Remnants of the ethnic German community survive in the former Soviet republics of Central Asia. |
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The best known among the maritime republics are Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Ragusa, and Amalfi. |
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Using gold coins, the merchants of the Italian maritime republics began to develop new foreign exchange transactions and accounting. |
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They increasingly relied on Italian sea transport, for which the republics extracted concessions of colonies as well as a cash price. |
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The history of the various maritime republics is quite varied, reflecting their different lifespans. |
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Amalfi, perhaps the first of the maritime republics to play a major role, had developed extensive trade with Byzantium and Egypt. |
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This policy has been changed, so if any current Commonwealth realms were to become republics, they would not have to go through this process. |
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Venice and Pisa entered the crusade almost simultaneously, and the two republics were soon in competition. |
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Over the centuries, the two republics signed several agreements concerning their zones of influence and action, to avoid hindering each other. |
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He set up a series of new republics, complete with new codes of law and abolition of old feudal privileges. |
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As a sign of gratitude, the pope granted many privileges to the two republics. |
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That is why Amalfian ships are not often reported to have been engaged in military action against other maritime republics. |
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To avoid succumbing to Venetian rule, these two republics made multiple and lasting alliances. |
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Venice and other Italian maritime republics played a key role in fostering capitalism. |
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By 1300, most of these republics had become princely states dominated by a Signore. |
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Globally, the Revolution accelerated the rise of republics and democracies. |
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Even northern cities and states were also notable for their merchant republics, especially the Republic of Venice. |
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Most of its components have become independent countries, whether Commonwealth realms or republics, and members of the Commonwealth. |
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The exceptions were Venice, Florence, Lucca, and a few others, which remained republics in the face of an increasingly monarchic Europe. |
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The autonomous state of Madagascar has since undergone four major constitutional periods, termed republics. |
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Since regaining independence, Madagascar has transitioned through four republics with corresponding revisions to its constitution. |
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British rule ended in Cyprus in 1960, and Malta in 1964, and both islands became independent republics. |
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Chartered companies were usually formed, incorporated and legitimised under a royal or, in republics, an equivalent government charter. |
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Holding both Church and Empire at bay, these city republics were devoted to notions of liberty. |
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In 1991 Croatia and Slovenia, which at that time were republics within Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, declared their independence. |
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Egypt and Libya gained independence as monarchies, but both countries' monarchs were later deposed, and they became republics. |
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In certain parts of the world, nations in the form of ancient republics, monarchies or tribal oligarchies emerged. |
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After the downfall of the prior Gupta Empire in the middle of the 6th century, North India reverted to smaller republics and monarchical states. |
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Germany, Bulgaria and three former Soviet republics say they have agreed to help Russia construct a heavy-ion collider in a Moscow suburb. |
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This government represented the British, the Dutch republics and the Swazi people. |
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From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the subcontinent. |
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Capitalist economies began their rise, initially in northern Italian republics such as Genoa. |
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It is written in Cyrillic in the former Soviet republics and in the Arabic alphabet elsewhere. |
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Most were Italians, as trade between Europe and the Middle East was controlled mainly by the Maritime republics. |
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And up to 10 jumbo jets will be chartered by the Edward Thompson group to deliver the epic orders to a series of republics on the continent. |
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Unsuccessful referenda on proposed models of republics have taken place in Australia, Tuvalu, and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. |
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A number of Commonwealth realms have held referendums to consider whether they should become republics. |
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In Commonwealth republics retaining the JCPC as their final court of appeal, appeals are made directly to the Judicial Committee itself. |
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This situation led to objections from the other republics and calls for the reform of the Yugoslav Federation. |
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Separatist nationalist parties attained power in other republics, including Croatia and Slovenia. |
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Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people. |
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In presidential republics or in absolute monarchies, the head of state is also usually the head of government. |
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Similar Phanerozoic rocks also cover the Baltic republics, Poland and northern Germany. |
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The vast majority of African states are republics that operate under some form of the presidential system of rule. |
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The power vacuum resulted in the rise of the Vardhanas of Thanesar, who began uniting the republics and monarchies from the Punjab to central India. |
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They divided this their amalgama into a number of incoherent republics. |
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The cantonal governments are all republics, more or less democratic. |
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The Red Sea was barely known and only trade links with the Maritime republics, the Republic of Venice especially, fostered collection of accurate maritime knowledge. |
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From the 8th century until the 15th century, the Republic of Venice and neighbouring maritime republics held the monopoly of European trade with the Middle East. |
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Separate republics emerged on both sides of the 38th parallel in 1948, each claiming to be the legitimate government for all of Korea, which led ultimately to the Korean War. |
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Though several colonies, such as Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago, maintained their formal allegiance to the British monarch, they soon revised their status to become republics. |
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The monarch previously held royal standards for Sierra Leone, Mauritius, Malta, and Trinidad and Tobago, but these banners became obsolete when the countries became republics. |
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With the collapse of the Soviet Union, the economic integration of the Soviet republics was dissolved and overall industrial activity declined substantially. |
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The Union was a dominion that included the former territories of the Cape and Natal colonies, as well as the republics of Orange Free State and Transvaal. |
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Romania has also made clear since the late 1990s that it supports NATO and EU membership for the democratic former Soviet republics in Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. |
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Russian is the only official state language, but the Constitution gives the individual republics the right to establish their own state languages in addition to Russian. |
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A March 1991 referendum, boycotted by some republics, resulted in a majority of participating citizens voting in favor of preserving the union as a renewed federation. |
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In the summer of 1991, the New Union Treaty, which would have turned the Soviet Union into a much looser Union, was agreed upon by eight republics. |
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The balance of power tipped significantly towards the republics. |
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It became the largest of the maritime republics and was the most powerful state of northern Italy until 1797, when Napoleon invaded the Venetian lagoon and conquered Venice. |
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To begin with, these two maritime republics, close to one another on the Tyrrhenian Sea, collaborated as allies against the threat of Arab expansion. |
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Around 1100, Genoa and Venice emerged as independent Maritime republics. |
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From the 8th until the 15th century, the Republic of Venice and neighboring maritime republics held the monopoly of European trade with the Middle East. |
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The Republic reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries, when its thalassocracy rivalled that of the Republic of Venice and other Italian maritime republics. |
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Some republics had emerged throughout history, such as the Roman Republic of the ancient world, but none ever existed that was based on liberal principles. |
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On July 18, the self-proclaimed Donetsk and Luhansk republics announced their plans to unilaterally withdraw heavy weaponry from the contact line. |
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The explosion there and ensuing fallout from the critical nuclear meltdown contaminated vast areas in the then-Soviet republics of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia. |
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Villamor had earlier retired as ambassador in Guam in 1999 and accredited to three other island republics but he was recalled to the foreign service on Dec. |
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Attacks on security forces, police and civilians are reported regularly in the neighboring republics of Dagestan, Ingushetia and Kabardino-Balkaria. |
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Of all the former Soviet republics, perhaps the least studied was the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic, situated in the western Soviet Union on the border with Romania. |
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Completely unchastened by the failure of socialism, these individuals still harbor the dream of a Union of American Socialist Republics. |
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Once the Hungarian forint goes, the markets will turn on the currencies of better-run economies like Poland and the Czech and Slovak Republics. |
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Legislative powers belonged to the Supreme Soviet and its counterparts in the Union Republics. |
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To the north, Jowzjan borders on the amu Darya River and Turkmenistan, a former part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. |
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The growing wealth and independence acquired by some coastal cities gave the Maritime Republics a leading role in the European scene. |
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The order also came into conflict with the Eastern Orthodox Church in the form of the Pskov and Novgorod Republics. |
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The Sakha Republic is one of the ten autonomous Turkic Republics within the Russian Federation. |
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This new study examines the paint markets of the Czech and Slovak Republics. |
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The Kingdom's decline began when it became embroiled in the dispute between the Italian Merchant Republics of Genoa and Venice. |
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However, the country experienced deeper economic slowdown than some of the other former Soviet Republics. |
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The order also came into conflict with the Eastern Orthodox Church of the Pskov and Novgorod Republics. |
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By September 28, 1939, the three Baltic Republics felt they had no choice but to permit Soviet bases and troops on their territory. |
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Some historical examples of oligarchy are the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. |
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These two events fuelled the resumption of hostilities between the two maritime Republics, which were expanding from the east to the west of the Mediterranean. |
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As the rockets pass over the Khakasia, Altai and Tuva Republics, they jettison their booster stages, which plummet back to Earth like blazing meteors. |
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The Luhansk and Donetsk regions proclaimed the establishment of the Luhansk and Donetsk People's Republics after local referendums in May last year. |
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Even cities and states beyond central Italy, such as the Republic of Florence at this time, were also notable for their merchant Republics, especially the Republic of Venice. |
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In the ensuing 10 years armed confrontation, gradually all the other Republics declared independence, with Bosnia being the most affected by the fighting. |
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