| For geneticists, epistasis is associated with the limits of the additive model of gene action. |
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| Neither earlier study was able to demonstrate a significant effect of epistasis, either positive or negative. |
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| Moreover, as just mentioned, the rate of adaptation negatively correlates with the sign of epistasis. |
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| This can be seen as an example of synergistic epistasis, in which deleterious alleles tend to magnify each other's effects. |
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| More generally, estimates of the average magnitude of epistasis per mutation pair are difficult to extract from designs of this type. |
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| These results suggest that future genetic models for the evolution of aging should incorporate the effects of epistasis. |
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| Genetic epistasis of gene expression can also be considered with large sample sizes. |
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| That is, he claims interactions among genes, or epistasis, contribute to local adaptation. |
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| More complex models with linked genetics and epistasis and more complex demography will likely show even more complex patchworks of maladaptation across landscapes. |
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| Moreover, synthesizing our results in the context of biological networks will provide the opportunity to decipher how epistasis and pleiotropy impacted adaptive trajectories. |
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| These bacteria provide strong evidence that the evolution of antibiotic resistance is governed by two properties of genes, pleiotropy and epistasis. |
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