| These changes were observed in a multifocal distribution involving the white matter of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, and spinal cord. |
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| If the upper part of the spinal cord or the brain stem is involved, the patient may develop a bulbar palsy. |
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| The alkaloids stimulated the vasomotor and respiratory centers in the brain stem of dogs. |
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| From this region, nerve fibres run down in bundles through the substance of the brain into the brain stem and spinal cord. |
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| For example, a person in a persistent vegetative state has a working brain stem, but the higher levels of the brain may have been destroyed. |
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| The acute management of patients with locked-in syndrome is similar to that for patients with other acute brain stem insults. |
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| The brain includes the cerebral hemispheres, the cerebellum, and the brain stem. |
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| Phylogenically old structures, such as the brain stem, are considered more resistant to gene-environment influence. |
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| Like others of these peptides, glucagon is expressed in the brain stem and hypothalamic neurons. |
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| The ability to maintain gaze can be profoundly disturbed by damage to the brain stem or hindbrain. |
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| If there is still activity in the brain stem, a person is considered to have sustained brain damage, rather than brain death. |
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| And at the base of the cerebrum, emerging like the stalk from a mushroom cap, is an elongated structure, the brain stem. |
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| The cranial component originates in the brain stem and leaves through the base of the skull in the vagus nerves. |
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| Some surgeons also order preoperative brain stem auditory-evoked potentials and otological testing for both pure tone and speech discrimination. |
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| The involuntary muscles are controlled by structures deep within the brain and the upper part of the spinal cord called the brain stem. |
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| The term extrapyramidal system refers to the basal ganglia and several brain stem nuclei with which they are connected. |
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| Most of these have to do with problems of the inner ear or of the brain stem or cerebellum. |
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| In the first form, the lesions tend to concentrate in the brain stem and the cranial nerve ganglia. |
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| Brains were removed and dissected into telencephalon, hypothalamus, optic tectum, and brain stem. |
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| From the brain stem emerge pairs of cranial nerves, analogous to the spinal nerves that innervate the limbs and trunk. |
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| The brain stem is very much more than simply a viaduct for the long nerve fibre tracts directly linking brain and spinal cord. |
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| However, the role of the brain stem and spinal cord in acupuncture remains unclear. |
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| Superimposed on this reflex arc, are suprasegmental modifying influences from the brain stem, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cerebral cortex. |
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| Like all reflexes, the startle reflects activity of the brain stem, the most primitive, reptilian part of the brain. |
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| Common findings on brain imaging include enlarged ventricles, widened cortical sulci, and cerebral, cerebellar, or brain stem atrophy. |
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| The sleep cycle is controlled by a complex system of neurones in the brain stem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal forebrain. |
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| This system, which originates in the ventral tegmental area of the brain stem can be selectively activated by stress. |
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| They observed both neurons and astrocytes, the two types of cells into which the brain stem cells mature. |
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| I am suffering from Frederic's Ataxia, a genetic brain disease, which causes degeneration of the cerebellum and brain stem. |
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| The combined allopurinol and Iryptophan administration increases the serotonin levels furtherly in brain stem and hypothalamus areas versus groups receiving tryptophan or allopurinol singularly. |
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| Suggestions for regions of the brain that could be the site of action have included the brain stem reticular formation, the cerebral cortex, and the thalamus. |
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| It is essential to determine the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem. |
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| There are also various groups of neurons within the brain stem. |
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| Later, she was referred to hospital, where investigatory procedures revealed a devastating diagnosis, an aggressive and inoperable tumour in the brain stem. |
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| Histopathological examination of the forebrain, cerebellum and brain stem did not reveal any lesions or changes in these tissues. |
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| The spongy degeneration in the brain stem and spinal cord, especially in the reticular formation, has been found to relate closely to learning and memory deficits. |
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| Vomiting is controlled by a vomiting centre located in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem. |
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| Efferent fibers from the brain stem travel through the vestibular nucleus to reach hair cells of the semicircular canals and macules. |
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| Similar changes may be seen in the medulla and upper brain stem. |
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| The medulla, or brain stem, controls or influences all of the bodily functions that you do not have to think about, like breathing, heart rate, temperature and consciousness. |
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| The brain stem, specifically the thermostatic region of the hypothalamus, is the centre of temperature regulation. |
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| A subdivision of the brain stem that is caudal to the diencephalons and rostral to the pons. |
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| Dysmetria, nystagmus, and cranial nerve palsies, especially involving the sixth and third nerves, may result from lesions of the brain stem and cerebellum. |
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| It is said to occur when there is no evidence of function of the cerebral hemispheres of the brain stem. |
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| Damage is confined mainly or even exclusively to the cerebral hemispheres, whereas the brain stem is largely unaffected. |
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| Tumor invaded the parenchyma in multiple cerebral and brain stem sections. |
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| Brain-dead people survive without replacement of arginino-vasopressin, an essential-to-life hormone produced only in the brain stem. |
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| Qualification for a brain-dead donor in Canada demands a normal temperature, which is only maintained by an active brain stem. |
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| Brain-dead people demonstrate oesophageal activity, which is centred in the brain stem. |
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| The soft tissue gave way quickly and the steel penetrated the correspondent's brain stem. |
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| It carries the electrical stimulus to the brain stem, where receiver nerve cells connect with the optic nerve cells. |
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| Central sleep apnea occurs in patients with brain stem abnormalities caused by infection, inflammation or tumour. |
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| In the pre-experimental work-up, it is said that cortical activity was nil, but that the brain stem was perfectly functional. |
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| Animals should be monitored continuously after stunning until death to ensure the absence of brain stem reflexes. |
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| Morphine produces respiratory depression by direct action on brain stem respiratory centres. |
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| It's one of the few ways that we can look at how the spinal cord and brain stem control walking behaviour in humans. |
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| Actually, I aim for the brain stem, the jugular tends to get in the way. |
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| The comparison shows that no critical regions, such as the brain stem, were hit. |
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| An effective stun and kill should be verified by the absence of brain stem reflexes. |
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| The changes and control of emotion were related to the changes in the levels of monoamines and its metabolites in the limbic system of the brain stem. |
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| Axons travel from the neurons located in nuclei within the brain stem via the cranial nerves without synaptic interruption to the motor end plates on the striated muscle. |
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| These effects are produced by fibres projecting from the hypothalamus to parasympathetic nuclei in the brain stem, and to sympathetic centres in the spinal cord. |
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| These carry the rhythmic bursts of impulses, relayed from the brain stem via the phrenic motor neurons in the spinal cord, which cause regular inspiration. |
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| Organizationally, the cell bodies of norepinephrine neurons are found in the brain stem at the level of the locus coeruleus. |
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| Normally the cerebellum and parts of the brain stem sit in an indented space at the lower rear of the skull, above the foramen magnum. |
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| The brain stem sits beneath your cerebrum in front of your cerebellum. It connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate and blood pressure. |
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| Comparing MRI scans of the brains of meditators with the brains of non-meditators, they showed that meditation causes actual physical changes in the gray matter of the lower brain stem. |
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| When electrodes stimulated a part of the brain stem called the mesencephalic locomotor region, the rats began walking almost normally. |
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| Codeine and other opioids act on the brain stem respiratory centers reducing their responsiveness to increases in carbon dioxide tension, resulting in respiratory depression. |
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| The most significant difference was discovered in the brain stem, where myelination was less in the smaller pig fetuses. |
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| When her brain stem became a column of rutilated quartz? |
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| Causes include stroke, brain stem injury, MS, even poison. |
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| They are behavioral storms coming from the brain stem. |
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| If intracranial pressure continues to increase, it leads to compression of the brain tissue and eventual herniation of tissue through the brain stem, resulting in death. |
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| When the hemispheres have been destroyed slowly by disease, such as Alzheimer's disease, the brain stem may be preserved but the patient is said to be in a persistent vegetative state. |
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| As well as controlling some muscles and body organs, in bony fish at least, the brain stem governs respiration and osmoregulation. |
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| A wandering nerve that starts in the brain stem, the vagus nerve innervates the heart, liver, lungs and other organs. |
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| Circulatory arrest lasting two or three minutes can cause widespread and irreversible damage to the cerebral hemispheres while sparing the brain stem, which is more resistant to anoxia. |
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| Her tumour had grown between the two lobes of the brain and reached from the optic nerves back to the brain stem and had wrapped around the pituitary gland. |
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| The survival of three children born with anencephaly-that is, without cerebral hemispheres-demonstrates cerebral activity occurring in tissue other than cerebrums, which must be therefore in the brain stem or elsewhere. |
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| We have observed that treatment with bromocriptine and levodopa prolongs the antitremor effectiveness of levodopa in monkeys with unilateral VMT lesions of the brain stem. |
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| The MRI image of a brain section shown in Figure 1 comes from just lateral to the midline and shows the brain stem, the thalamus and one cerebellar and cerebral hemisphere. |
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| That program recently was extended to look at the ability of that same drug platform to stimulate the growth of healthy brain stem cells to create new nerve cells. |
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| I was told last week, after the final chemotherapy session at Edinburgh's Western General Hospital, that there is no sign of the cancer in my spine or brain stem. |
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| Researchers at the University of Milan, Italy have discovered a molecular switch that causes brain stem cells to differentiate into fully developed neurons. |
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| The study found that all the babies who died had abnormalities of four neurochemicals in the brain stem, located at the skull's base and connects the brain to the spinal cord. |
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| The officer, who had been feeling unwell for just a few weeks, had her life-support machine turned off after her blood vessels swelled and caused brain stem damage. |
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