Some Western sources considered this to be the first landing at the Pole until the Soviet landings became widely known. |
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A Soviet journalist dubbed her The Iron Lady, a nickname that became associated with her uncompromising politics and leadership style. |
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Thatcher's first foreign policy crisis came with the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. |
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Thatcher was one of the first Western leaders to respond warmly to reformist Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. |
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She went on a state visit to the Soviet Union in 1984 and met with Gorbachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers. |
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Large privatization of the Soviet economy occurred over the next few years as the country dissolved. |
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The strategic location of the island was also significant at the centre of the Indian Ocean, and to counter any Soviet threat in the region. |
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This government was undermined by the infamous Zinoviev Letter, which was used as evidence of Labour's links with the Soviet Union. |
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After the Soviet Union's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968, the CPGB became to divide between Stalinists and Eurocommunists. |
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The two chambers were the Soviet of Nationalities and the Soviet of the Union. |
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The term was first applied to the British Empire, the United States and the Soviet Union. |
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Gorbachev meanwhile refused to use Soviet troops to bolster the faltering Warsaw Pact regimes as had occurred in the past. |
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Thus, Soviet perceptions of the West left a strong undercurrent of tension and hostility between the Allied powers. |
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The Soviet Union sought to dominate the internal affairs of countries that bordered it. |
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The Soviet leader said he was pleased by the news and expressed the hope that the weapon would be used against Japan. |
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The Soviet leader also dismissed the accusation that the USSR was exerting increasing control over the countries lying in its sphere. |
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The Soviet Union proclaimed its zone of occupation in Germany the German Democratic Republic that October. |
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He claimed that Soviet missile capabilities were far superior to those of the United States, capable of wiping out any American or European city. |
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By the early 1950s, the Soviet approach to restricting emigration movement was emulated by most of the rest of the Eastern Bloc. |
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That June, the Soviet Union issued a new ultimatum demanding the withdrawal of Allied forces from West Berlin. |
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Preparations to install Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba were undertaken in response. |
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Khrushchev backed down from a confrontation, and the Soviet Union removed the missiles in return for an American pledge not to invade Cuba again. |
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Accused of rudeness and incompetence, he was also credited with ruining Soviet agriculture and bringing the world to the brink of nuclear war. |
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In answer to the Prague Spring, the Soviet Army, together with most of their Warsaw Pact allies, invaded Czechoslovakia. |
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The Ethiopian military was supported by Cuban soldiers along with Soviet military advisors and armaments. |
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Following his visit to China, Nixon met with Soviet leaders, including Brezhnev in Moscow. |
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Meanwhile, Brezhnev attempted to revive the Soviet economy, which was declining in part because of heavy military expenditures. |
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Both Reagan and new British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher denounced the Soviet Union and its ideology. |
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However, the quantitative advantages held by the Soviet military often concealed areas. |
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Soon after the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, president Carter began massively building up the United States military. |
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These developments contributed to the 1980s oil glut, which affected the Soviet Union, as oil was the main source of Soviet export revenues. |
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Issues with command economics, oil price decreases and large military expenditures gradually brought the Soviet economy to stagnation. |
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After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Russia drastically cut military spending, and restructuring the economy left millions unemployed. |
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The weapons used by Yugoslav government were mostly Yugoslav made, while almost all of their AA units were Soviet made. |
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Some of these clandestine logistics operations were mounted by the Soviet Union. |
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Sale of natural resources, and especially petroleum products, were an important source of revenue for the Soviet Union. |
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However, Soviet activities subsequently declined due to the discovery of extensive natural gas resources. |
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Sufism has played a significant role in fighting against Tsars of Russia and Soviet colonization. |
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The Soviet government confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed believers, and propagated atheism in schools. |
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Russia was plunged into the Russian Revolution, which threw down the Tsarist monarchy and replaced it with the communist Soviet Union. |
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The Soviet invasion of Poland started on 17 September and Poland fell soon thereafter. |
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On 24 September, the Soviet Union attacked the Baltic countries and later, Finland. |
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After the staggering Battle of Stalingrad in 1943, the German offensive in the Soviet Union turned into a continual fallback. |
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The United States and Western Europe established the NATO alliance and later the Soviet Union and Central Europe established the Warsaw Pact. |
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More recently, the Eurasian Economic Union has been established as a counterpart comprising former Soviet states. |
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In February 1977, he visited the Soviet Union and several Eastern European countries with a member of Amnesty International. |
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Soviet assassins already on the train drugged the conductor, and Karp's body was found shortly afterwards in a railway tunnel south of Salzburg. |
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One might argue that the Soviet posters made in the 1950s to promote the wealth of the nation were in itself a form of pop art. |
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The former Soviet Union, Spain and the United Kingdom, amongst others, are held to be unions of many nations by various definitions. |
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Before March 1944, it was also the anthem of the Soviet Union and the Comintern. |
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The Anthem of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was composed by Aram Khachaturian. |
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The Soviet Union was the first large country to have a Communist government. |
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The United States is a constitutional republic, while the former Soviet Union was a socialist republic. |
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Some historical examples of oligarchy are the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. |
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In 1974, the Ethiopian monarchy under Haile Selassie was overthrown by the Derg, a communist military government backed by the Soviet Union. |
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In May 1991, EPRDF forces advanced on Addis Ababa and the Soviet Union did not intervene to save the government side. |
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This shift in support by the Soviet Union motivated the Barre government to seek allies elsewhere. |
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Early in the Cold War era, NATO and the Warsaw Pact were created by the United States and The Soviet Union, respectively. |
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It also occurs in Mongolia and Soviet Siberia. It is produced mainly in Nei Mongol, Gansu, and Xinjiang. |
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The German occupation ended on 9 May 1945, with the arrival of the Soviet and American armies and the Prague uprising. |
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An estimated 140,000 Soviet soldiers died in liberating Czechoslovakia from German rule. |
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After World War II and the Communist coup in 1948, art in Czechoslovakia became strongly Soviet influenced. |
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After World War II, the Soviet Union demanded war reparations from Finland not only in money but also in material such as ships and machinery. |
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The civil war and activist expeditions into Soviet Russia strained Eastern relations. |
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Finland was never occupied by Soviet forces and it retained its independence, but at the loss of about 93,000 soldiers. |
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Officially claiming to be neutral, Finland lay in the grey zone between the Western countries and the Soviet Union. |
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He maintained an effective monopoly on Soviet relations from 1956 on, which was crucial for his continued popularity. |
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Despite close relations with the Soviet Union, Finland remained a Western European market economy. |
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Finland reacted cautiously to the collapse of the Soviet Union, but swiftly began increasing integration with the West. |
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A nightmare vision of invasion by millions of Chinese made the Soviet leaders almost frantic. |
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Until the Soviet authorities closed the border in 1936, Kazakh nomads would occasionally use these passes. |
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The event made Childe abandon faith in the Soviet leadership, but not in socialism and Marxism. |
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On 4 February, Soviet, British and US leaders met for the Yalta Conference. |
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As a result, East Germany, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Czechoslovakia, and Albania became Soviet satellite states. |
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The Cold War saw the threat of Soviet bombers attacking the United Kingdom loom large. |
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Marshals of a troop arm were immediately senior to Soviet colonel generals. |
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Tuberculosis has been recorded in stoats inhabiting the former Soviet Union and New Zealand. |
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The stoat was a fundamental item in the fur trade of the Soviet Union, with no less than half the global catch coming from within its borders. |
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In the former Soviet Union, the fur of a forest wildcat usually fetched 50 kopecks, while that of a steppe wildcat fetched 60 kopecks. |
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In the former Soviet Union, wildcats were usually caught accidentally in traps set for martens. |
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In 1992, the Holy Loch base was deemed unnecessary following the demise of the Soviet Union and subsequently closed. |
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As those systems lacked the range to attack major Soviet targets, Polaris was developed to increase the level of nuclear deterrence. |
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On the Eastern Front, Soviet fighter forces were overwhelmed during the opening phases of Operation Barbarossa. |
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In the later stages on the Eastern Front, Soviet training and leadership improved, as did their equipment. |
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In Eastern Europe, governments dominated by Communists adopted the Soviet model. |
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Prior to its dissolution in 1991, the Soviet Union had the second largest economy in the world after the United States. |
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These two peoples had before Soviet rule been regarded part of one and the same, Romanian people. |
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Soviet historiography maintains that the Moldovans received an ethnic individuality in the late Middle Ages through contacts with Slavs. |
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Many other states share this view, and as such, these states were not considered either predecessor or successor states of the Soviet Union. |
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Lahemaa National Park in Estonia was the first area to be designated a national park in the former Soviet Union. |
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The former is found in the Soviet Union with the boundary between the two being the political boundary between Russia and Western Europe. |
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The range of the polecat within the former Soviet Union has expanded northwards. |
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The species does not constitute an important element in former Soviet commercial hunting, and is usually only caught incidentally. |
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In 2000 the press reported that dolphins trained to kill by the Soviet Navy had been sold to Iran. |
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The Soviet Union was the world's sole communist state with very little international trade. |
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At the time of the Depression, the Soviet economy was growing steadily, fuelled by intensive investment in heavy industry. |
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The incident triggered a diplomatic crisis between Sweden and the Soviet Union. |
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Despite all of this, The Great Depression caused mass immigration to the Soviet Union, mostly from Finland and Germany. |
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On the way back, his group visited Paris and he went to the Soviet pavilion at the International Exhibition. |
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He is tasked with conducting covert operations with MI6 agent George McHale against the Soviet Union. |
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As recently as 1990, Soviet Navy submarines were being dismantled for scrap. |
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Although the Soviet government denied these charges as recently as 1987, in recent years the Russian government has acknowledged the practice. |
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After the the launch of Sputnik by the Soviet Union, space exploration was on the radar of many Americans who had ignored it earlier. |
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In the Soviet Union, waste stored in Lake Karachay was blown over the area during a dust storm after the lake had partly dried out. |
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Other nuclear accidents have occurred in the Soviet Union, Japan, the United States, and many other countries. |
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Johnson on 5 June, warning that the US would not stand beside Turkey in case of a consequential Soviet invasion of Turkish territory. |
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In the post WWII era, several eastern European countries came into the orbit of the Soviet Union. |
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After the war, the Soviet Union proposed common Norwegian and Soviet administration and military defence of Svalbard. |
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Then, in the spring of 1941, the German Army and the Finnish Army invaded the Soviet Union together. |
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This could be compared with the 1980s before the fall of the Soviet Union, when Sweden could gather up to 1,000,000 men. |
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A few of them predate the October Revolution of 1917, but most have been created during the Soviet Union era. |
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The work is considered one of the best historical novels of the Soviet period. |
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They had focused on China and the Soviet Union, but the latent challenge to US hegemony coming from the third world became evident. |
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Comecon and the Warsaw Pact were dissolved, and in 1991, the Soviet Union ceased to exist. |
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On September 17, the Soviet forces joined the invasion of Poland, although remaining neutral with respect to Western powers. |
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By September 28, 1939, the three Baltic Republics felt they had no choice but to permit Soviet bases and troops on their territory. |
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During the beginning raids of Operation Barbarossa the Luftwaffe wiped out the majority of the Soviet air forces. |
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With the Balkans secure, Germany and her allies attacked the Soviet Union in the largest land operation in history. |
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In late 1944 it was joined with the advancing Soviet Army and proceeded to push remaining German forces out of the Balkans. |
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The sheer vastness of the distances in the Soviet Union meant that Germany could only advance so far before outrunning their supply chains. |
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Dislodging them proved difficult and eventually cost the Soviet Union dearly. |
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Surviving Soviet units were pushed hundreds kilometres to the east and the Wehrmacht advance went almost uncontested. |
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A desperate counterattack in the spring of 1943 by forces of Field Marshal Erich von Manstein temporarily halted the Soviet advance. |
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The large scale of the Soviet Union allowed it to overcome high losses in manpower and equipment. |
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More Soviet citizens died during World War II than those of all other countries combined. |
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On April 30, Adolf Hitler, with his wife of one day, Eva Braun, committed suicide in his bunker to avoid capture by Soviet troops. |
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Some training units were mobilised to make up for the bulk of the Jagdwaffe being absent in the Soviet Union. |
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During Operation Barbarossa, the Luftwaffe initially achieved air supremacy over the Soviet Union. |
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Syrian claims of aerial victories were met with skepticism even from their Soviet allies. |
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The Soviet Union planned to use its Spetsnaz special forces in attacks on NATO airfields in the event of conflict. |
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The Soviet FACs prompted a NATO response, which became more intense after the sinking of Eilat. |
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There was also intense pressure from the Soviet government to open up a second front in Western Europe. |
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By early 1942, the Wehrmacht's Operation Barbarossa had clearly failed to destroy the Soviet Union. |
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After the Axis invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin began pressing for a second front in Western Europe. |
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They hastened the end of the war in Europe, drawing large forces away from the Eastern Front that might otherwise have slowed the Soviet advance. |
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Much of work was carried out by imported labour, including thousands from the Soviet Union, and under the supervision of the German forces. |
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The majority of the Polish partisans in Ukraine assisted the invading Soviet Army. |
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Soviet partisans in Finland were known to have attacked villages and indiscriminately targeted the populace, killing entire families. |
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The ICRC worked with the Russian Red Cross society and later the society of the Soviet Union, constantly emphasizing the ICRC's neutrality. |
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In 1984, the Soviet space probes Vega 1 and Vega 2 released two balloons with scientific experiments in the atmosphere of Venus. |
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In the former Soviet Union, up to 300 animal and a few dozen plant species are known to be consumed by them. |
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Badger meat is eaten in some districts of the former Soviet Union, though in most cases it is discarded. |
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Soviet wolf populations reached a low around 1970, disappearing over much of European Russia. |
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Wolves carry ectoparasites and endoparasites, with wolves in the former Soviet Union having been recorded to carry at least 50 species. |
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As World War II neared its end and the Germans retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. |
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From 1944 to 1952, approximately 100,000 Lithuanian partisans fought a guerrilla war against the Soviet system. |
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It is estimated that during World War II and the subsequent Soviet annexation, Lithuania lost 780,000 people. |
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The Soviet Union attempted to suppress the secession by imposing an economic blockade. |
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On the night of 13 January 1991, Soviet troops attacked the Vilnius TV Tower, killing 14 Lithuanian civilians and wounding 600 others. |
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Believers and clergy suffered greatly during the Soviet occupation, with many killed, tortured or deported to Siberia. |
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Since 1937, Soviet and Russian manned drifting ice stations have extensively monitored the Arctic Ocean. |
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Nine months later, on June 22, 1941, Germany launched a massive invasion of the Soviet Union, which promptly joined the Allies. |
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Estimates place deaths in the Soviet Union at around 23 million, while China suffered about 10 million. |
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After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. |
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There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. |
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In the second half of the 1980s, newly appointed Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the perestroika and glasnost reforms. |
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The Space Age was characterized by rapid development of new technology in a close race mostly between the United States and the Soviet Union. |
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Since then and with the end of the space race due to the dissolution of the Soviet Union, public attention has largely moved to other areas. |
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The United States, he contends, is no longer the arsenal of democracy. Nor does it have a clear technological advantage over the Soviet Union. |
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The Soviet Union is offering to send commercial satellites into orbit at bargain-basement prices. |
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In fact, Soviet astronomers once thought that the thick, dense Cytherean atmosphere might not let any sunlight reach the surface. |
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Mikhail Gorbachev was the last General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. |
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They thought strikes and hunger marches the quintessence of politics and Soviet Russia heaven on earth. |
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The former Soviet Bloc and other Socialist countries used a Socialist law system. |
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The Soviet Union gained another access to the Baltic with the Kaliningrad Oblast. |
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The combination of the threat of the Soviet Union, and Britain's commitments throughout the world, created a new role for the Navy. |
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Its purpose was to search for and destroy Soviet submarines in the North Atlantic, and to operate the nuclear deterrent submarine force. |
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The Central Intelligence Agency in Langley was involved in various Cold War events, including as the target of Soviet espionage activities. |
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The situation was complicated further by the increasing Cold War rivalry of the United States and the Soviet Union. |
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Another of Eisenhower's concerns was the possibility of a wider war with the Soviet Union after it threatened to intervene on the Egyptian side. |
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The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. |
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The Soviet Union, concerned by Germany's goals of capturing vast areas of Eastern Europe, drafted a treaty of mutual assistance with France. |
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Poland's territory was divided between Germany and the Soviet Union, with Lithuania and Slovakia also receiving small shares. |
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With the situation in Europe and Asia relatively stable, Germany, Japan, and the Soviet Union made preparations. |
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By contrast, the Germans were steadily making preparations for an attack on the Soviet Union, massing forces on the Soviet border. |
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In November 1940, negotiations took place to determine if the Soviet Union would join the Tripartite Pact. |
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On 18 December 1940, Hitler issued the directive to prepare for an invasion of the Soviet Union. |
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In the Soviet Union, both the Germans and the Soviets spent the spring and early summer of 1943 preparing for large offensives in central Russia. |
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The Soviet victory at Kursk marked the end of German superiority, giving the Soviet Union the initiative on the Eastern Front. |
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Soon after that another Soviet strategic offensive forced German troops from Western Ukraine and Eastern Poland. |
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The Soviet advance prompted resistance forces in Poland to initiate several uprisings against the German occupation. |
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On 4 February, US, British, and Soviet leaders met for the Yalta Conference. |
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The alliance between the Western Allies and the Soviet Union had begun to deteriorate even before the war was over. |
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The rest of Europe was also divided into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. |
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As a result, Poland, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Albania became Soviet satellite states. |
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The Soviet Union also urged military and cooperation between Nationalist China and Communist China during the war. |
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The Soviet Union urged military and cooperation between Soviet China and Nationalist China during China's war against Japan. |
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In the lead up to the war between the Soviet Union and Germany, relations between the Soviet Union and Germany underwent several stages. |
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Stalin studied Hitler, including reading Mein Kampf and from it knew of Hitler's desire to destroy the Soviet Union. |
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The Soviet Union and Germany at this time competed with each other for influence in Poland. |
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On 30 November, the Soviet Union attacked Finland, for which it was expelled from the League of Nations. |
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Poland fielded the third biggest army among the European Allies, after the Soviet Union and United Kingdom, but before France. |
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Bulgaria abandoned the Axis and joined the Allies when the Soviet Union invaded, offering no resistance to the incoming forces. |
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Romania had initially been a member of the Axis powers but switched allegiance upon facing invasion by the Soviet Union. |
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The armistice was signed three weeks later on 12 September 1944, on terms virtually dictated by the Soviet Union. |
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Joseph Stalin had bowed out, citing the need for his presence in the Soviet Union to attend to the Stalingrad crisis. |
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Churchill opposed the Soviet domination of Poland and wrote bitterly about it in his books, but was unable to prevent it at the conferences. |
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This immediately affected the Soviet prisoners of war liberated by the Allies, but was also extended to all Eastern European refugees. |
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Half a million Soviet citizens, for example, died from German bombing during the invasion and occupation of Russia. |
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Hitler now had his sights set on Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union in June and the Blitz came to end. |
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The Soviet Union soon after it declared war on Japan in August 1945 annexed the the southern Kuril Islands, which Japan still claims. |
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The Soviet Union succeeded the Russian empire in the remainder if its former territory, and Germany, Austria, and Hungary were reduced in size. |
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The Soviet Union emerged as a victor in World War II, and controlled most of central and eastern Europe. |
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Returning from Hong Kong, Cameron visited the then Soviet Union, where he was approached by two Russian men speaking fluent English. |
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The labour camps of the old Soviet Union are well described by the writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn. |
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As petroleum production in the US peaked during the 1960s, however, the United States was surpassed by Saudi Arabia and the Soviet Union. |
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As we've seen, Belarus is a Soviet time capsule that continues only because Russia is keeping it on life support. |
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It was invented in France for industrial use and from 1933 to 1955 was used both in France and in the Soviet Union. |
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With the fall of the Soviet Union, most Soviet military hovercraft fell into disuse and disrepair. |
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Mikhail Gorbachev, the president of the Soviet Union, credited the Polish pope with hastening the fall of Communism in Europe. |
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The Soviet Union honoured him for the Communist attitude toward property rights expressed in Utopia. |
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A delegation of Soviet architects was invited to attend, but they were unable to obtain visas. |
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A minor planet 3009 Coventry discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1973 is named after the city. |
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The following month, he protested to Alexei Kosygin over the expulsion of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn from the Soviet Union of Writers. |
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Gollancz refused to publish it, considering it an attack on the Soviet regime which was a crucial ally in the war. |
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He was also friendly with several suspected communists, and attended functions given by Soviet diplomats in Los Angeles. |
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The film was popular in the United States and an outstanding success in the Soviet Union. |
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Four years have passed since the meltdown at the Chernobyl nuclear plant, but the grim legacy of the Soviet catastrophe is still unfolding. |
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The play depicted an October 1938 meeting between Soviet spy Guy Burgess, then a young man working for the BBC, and Winston Churchill. |
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The Soviet Union did not participate until the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki. |
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Soviet women's artistic gymnastics team members won 15 of 16 possible medals. |
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In 1984 the Soviet Union and 13 Soviet allies reciprocated by boycotting the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. |
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The Soviet Union became a member on 18 September 1934, and was expelled on 14 December 1939 for invading Finland. |
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However, the plan was met with resistance in Poland, Lithuania, and the Soviet Union, which opposed any international force in Lithuania. |
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Adolf Hitler and Mussolini continued to aid General Francisco Franco's Nationalists, while the Soviet Union helped the Spanish Republic. |
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The final significant act of the League was to expel the Soviet Union in December 1939 after it invaded Finland. |
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Soviet Russia was also initially excluded, as Communist regimes were not welcomed. |
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The new Irish Republic was recognised internationally only by the Russian Soviet Republic. |
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Membership in these groups was identified on Soviet internal passports, and recorded in censuses in both the USSR and Yugoslavia. |
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Soviet leader Josef Stalin at Tehran in 1943 rejected the Jagellon Concept because it involved Polish rule over Ukrainians and Belorussians. |
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During this time the Germans constructed many fortifications using Soviet slave labour. |
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But after World War II the British Empire lost its superpower status, leaving the United States and the Soviet Union as the world's superpowers. |
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In the North, Finland, Estonia, and Latvia were assigned to the Soviet sphere. |
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With the end of the Cold War, the Eastern Bloc fell apart, effectively ending the Soviet sphere of influence. |
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The Soviet Union was the second nation to have developed and tested a nuclear weapon. |
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The direct motivation for Soviet weapons development was to achieve a balance of power during the Cold War. |
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After its dissolution in 1991, the Soviet weapons entered officially into the possession of the Russian Federation. |
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The United Kingdom was the third country in the world, after the United States and Soviet Union, to develop and test a nuclear weapon. |
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Its programme was motivated to have an independent deterrent against the Soviet Union, while also maintaining its status as a great power. |
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The weapon was developed as a deterrent against both the United States and the Soviet Union. |
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In 1954, the Soviet Union suggested that it should join NATO to preserve peace in Europe. |
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The NATO countries, fearing that the Soviet Union's motive was to weaken the alliance, ultimately rejected this proposal. |
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During most of the Cold War, NATO's watch against the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact did not actually lead to direct military action. |
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It was the first NATO summit to be held in a country that had been part of the Soviet Union. |
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The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower. |
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Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 the United States was the world's sole hegemonic power. |
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Russia became the Soviet Union and lost Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, and Latvia, which became independent countries. |
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The fall of the Wall in 1989 became a symbol of the Fall of Communism,the Dissolution of the Soviet Union, German Reunification and Die Wende. |
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The treaty also contained secret protocols dividing Poland and the Baltic states into German and Soviet spheres of influence. |
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Poland fell quickly, as the Soviet Union attacked from the east on 17 September. |
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The Soviet forces continued to attack, advancing into Finland in the Winter War, and German forces were involved in action at sea. |
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Food was in short supply in the conquered areas of the Soviet Union and Poland, with rations inadequate to meet nutritional needs. |
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On 2 May General Helmuth Weidling unconditionally surrendered Berlin to Soviet General Vasily Chuikov. |
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Between 1939 and 1941, German forces invaded Poland, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the Soviet Union. |
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Since most of the industrial areas were in the western zones, the Soviet Union was transferred additional reparations. |
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Together, the Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80 million people in the Soviet Union. |
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The Soviet Union instituted a new communist government in Poland, analogous to much of the rest of the Eastern Bloc. |
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As elsewhere in Communist Europe the Soviet occupation of Poland met with armed resistance from the outset which continued into the fifties. |
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Despite this, Poland was at the time considered to be one of the least oppressive states of the Soviet Bloc. |
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From 1948 to 1990, Czechoslovakia was part of the Soviet bloc with a command economy. |
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After World War II, the economy was centrally planned, with command links controlled by the communist party, similarly to the Soviet Union. |
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With the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union, the RAF's focus has returned to delivering expeditionary air power. |
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In addition to its service in the West, the Luftwaffe operated over the Soviet Union, North Africa and Southern Europe. |
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Hitler had already ordered preparations to be made for Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union. |
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The Luftwaffe destroyed thousands of Soviet aircraft, yet it failed to destroy the Red Air Force altogether. |
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He had to maintain the appearance of concentration on defeating Britain, to conceal from Joseph Stalin his covert aim to invade the Soviet Union. |
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By then, Soviet forces were on the offensive and had won a major victory at the Battle of Stalingrad. |
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The purpose of the Marshall Plan was to aid in the economic recovery of nations after WWII as well as to antagonize the Soviet Union. |
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In addition, Western embassies in Moscow were isolated, with their personnel being denied contact with Soviet officials. |
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The Soviet Union was invited with the understanding that it would likely refuse. |
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In late September, the Soviet Union called a meeting of nine European Communist parties in southwest Poland. |
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He said the Plan was hostile to the Soviet Union, a subsidy for American exporters, and sure to polarize the world between East and West. |
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On March 17, 1948, Truman addressed European security and condemned the Soviet Union before a hastily convened Joint Session of Congress. |
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Under the terms of the agreement the Soviet Union would in return ship raw materials such as food and timber to the western zones. |
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It worked to reduce the severity of economic austerity, gave independence to India and engaged in the Cold War against Soviet Communism. |
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They believed that the large American and Soviet nuclear forces acted as mutual deterrents for nuclear war, making conventional war more likely. |
|
The UK has relaxed its nuclear posture since the collapse of the Soviet Union. |
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With the success of Operation Hurricane, Britain became the third nuclear power after the United States and the Soviet Union. |
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The first was the geopolitical battle for influence between the United States and the Soviet Union known as the Cold War. |
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A similar draft resolution sponsored by the Soviet Union was also rejected. |
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The Soviet Union made major gains with regards to influence in the Middle East. |
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Previously they had apparently thought that we were bluffing, when we openly said that the Soviet Union possessed powerful rockets. |
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Equally important in explaining the Soviet diplomatic triumph in the Near East was Nasser's reaction to the Eisenhower Doctrine. |
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Sixty per cent of Soviet POWs of the Germans died during the war. |
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The Soviet Union was the world's largest developer of military hovercraft. |
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In the Soviet Union, more than 100 such groups were formally recognized. |
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He remains popular in Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union. |
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In 1941, German troops invaded Yugoslavia, Greece and the Soviet Union. |
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Failure of allied Western governments to keep their promise to Poland, which now fell under the Soviet sphere of influence, became known as the 'Western betrayal. |
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This was just the opportunity the German Luftwaffe, Italian Regia Aeronautica, and the Soviet Union's Red Air Force needed to test their latest aircraft. |
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The clock is ticking for Mikhail Gorbachev too. Of all the failures of political and economic theory in this century, the Soviet failure is the most spectacular. |
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The end of the war in Europe left the Soviet Union in control over large areas of Central and Southeastern Europe, in addition to its 1941 conquests in Eastern Europe. |
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A period of political liberalization in 1968, known as the Prague Spring, was forcibly ended when the Soviet Union, assisted by several other Warsaw Pact countries, invaded. |
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One particularly exciting sequence shows how members of Greenpeace, a Canadian conservation group, defend whales fleeing from a huge Soviet whaler. |
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Several additional species have been described in the southern parts of the former Soviet Union, but are not regarded as distinct by most botanists. |
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For much of the Cold War the primary role of the RAF was the defence of Western Europe against potential attack by the Soviet Union, with many squadrons based in West Germany. |
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Although the less than overwhelming majority of Irish people accepted this course, America and Soviet Russia were targeted to recognise the Irish Republic internationally. |
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Approximately 27 million Soviets, among them more than 20 million civilians in Soviet cities and areas, were killed throughout the duration of the war. |
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The Baltic states on the eastern shore were annexed by the Soviet Union. |
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In May 1920 a Soviet trade delegation led by Krasin visited Britain, and on its second visit in August it was accompanied by Kamenev, a leading member of the Soviet regime. |
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