How to use Neuron in a sentence

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Sentence Examples Motor Neuron Disease is known in Canada and in the United States as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou Gehrig's disease. Montague published his findings in the October 2004 issue of Neuron, and a cottage industry was born. Nor, perhaps, was testosterone. In their study, published this week in Neuron, the researchers decided to look at male mice which had been genetically engineered to lack androgen receptors in their nervous systems. Tremendous strides are also being made in the development of biomarkers, and in the use of Neuron Imaging to facilitate rapid reliable diagnosis and early intervention. An aha moment comes when neurons in the brain alter their activity all at once, scientists report in the May 13 Neuron. In 2008, Ben A. Barres of the Stanford University School of Medicine wrote glowingly in the journal Neuron about the powerful role glia are now seen to play. McCulloch and Pitts first described a neural network as a computer model of a biological neuron that could generate binary output. This ion flow triggers a cellular response, such as continuation of a nerve impulse to another neuron or the contraction of a muscle cell. Segmental hypotonias are associated with disorders of the motor neuron, peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction and skeletal muscle. Each color represents a separate, adjacent neuron, typically arranged linearly. A neuron generates an electrical impulse, causing the cell to release its neurotransmitters. The neurofibrils provide internal support within the neuron and there are also support cells associated with the axon. These alterations may occur heterogeneously along the neuron where a diversity of ionic conductance is observed. It is the most excitable part of the neuron and the site at which the nerve impulse is initiated. The membrane potential across the axon of a neuron that is not being excited is the resting potential. Each neuron is studded with a dozen or so identical receptors, all made by the same gene and all bearing the same structure. Monosynaptic reflexes are those reflexes in which a sensory neuron synapses directly onto a motor neuron. The properties of the presynaptic neuron can also be influenced by the cell with which it makes a synapse. The size of neuron clusters that we have successfully recreated in terms of functional equivalence is also scaling up exponentially. Odd neuron numbers respond to headwards displacements and even numbers to tailwards displacements. Show More Sentences Norepinephrine is a potent vasoconstrictor synthesized from tyrosine in the presynaptic neuron. This action is the fundamental mechanism that determines the excitability and pattern of electrical activity of the neuron. Juxtaglomerular cells showed similar excitatory odorant response profiles to presynaptic olfactory sensory neuron inputs. To determine the effects of eosinophilic inflammation on olfactory sensory neuron cell death. This has clinical significance because sensory neuron receptors may be associated with certain forms of bladder dysfunction. However, whether OFQ has effects on sensory neuron ion channel in cerebral cortex needs to be further studied. Sensory neuron diversity ensures optimal detection of the external world and is a hallmark of sensory systems. But VCRF alone leaves the cell in an unhappy medium: not a true skin cell and not yet a neuron either. A neural net could be built from small processing elements, with each performing the work of a single neuron. By increasing the interval between action potentials, they help a neuron to fire repetitively at low frequencies. He later became noted as a zoologist and oceanographer, and was a pioneer of the neuron theory. We call the two or three neuron system of a liver fluke a reflex loop. Scientists have identified a double agent in the eye that, once triggered, can morph from neuron protector to neuron killer. The neurotherapy pipeline also includes preclinical gene-based therapeutics for vision loss, motor neuron disease and nerve repair. Glial nodules, also called Babes nodes, consist of a small focus of lymphocytes and microglial cells centered on a neuron, and there is often evidence of neuronophagia. This may mean that different areas of a single neuron synthesize different neuroactive substances. It is inherent to the neuron itself and expresses the time element and its tendency to bring the potential back to its resting potential. There can be thousands of synapses scattered over the dendrites and the dendritic spines that project from each dendrite on a single neuron. He has focused his research on learning how T cells and other immune system cells cause inflammation, neuron and axon damage. Deisseroth's lab isolated a rat neuron in a petri dish, and Zhang chose a benign lentivirus to introduce the opsin into the cell. Show More Sentences The morphology of this cell is identical to a well-studied neuron in goldfish that is monosynaptically activated by the Mauthner cell and in turn excites spinal motoneurons. The current issue of neuron features a new study on selective memory erasure. It is this type of neuron that would be concerned, for example, with determining the verticality or horizontality of lines in space. Sensory and neurosecretory innervation of the nephridia is thus accomplished by a single neuron, which is thought to modulate nephridial performance. It looked like a smaller version of a neuron, or nerve cell. A synaptic connection between a neuron and a muscle cell is called a neuromuscular junction. Diane Pretty, 42, suffers from motor neuron disease and is paralyzed from the neck down. You could make neurons from induced pluripotent stem cells taken from patients with Parkinson's or motor neuron disease. The findings used in the diagnosis of motor neuron disease, as defined above, must be confirmed by a physician who is a neurologist. It was in Appel's laboratory that Kong became interested in motor neuron disease. Mutations in the SMN gene are responsible for childhood spinal muscular atrophy, a severe lower motor neuron disease. This neuron will get a special activation function, and its output is connected as a multiplicand to the output neuron. To transmit a nerve impulse, the presynaptic neuron secretes a chemical messenger called a neurotransmitter. They modulate hypothalamic chemosensitive neuron activity as well as function as an endogenous satiety factor. Each neuron connects with other neurons or target cells at synapses, sites at which the propagation of an action potential induces neurotransmitter release. This occurs at chemical synapses when neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and produce excitation or inhibition of the postsynaptic cell. Kandel focused on a simple circuit where a sensory neuron conveying information about touch connects directly to a motor neuron that activates a muscle. Waller's pioneering work marked the starting point for the neuron theory and provided an ingenious technique for studying neuroanatomical pathways and connections. Survival depends on the neuron receiving neurotrophic factors, such as nerve growth factor, which are produced by the target tissue and for which neurons compete. Brain volume, striatal volume, striatal neuron number, striatal neuron number residual, striatal volume residual, and brain weight were measured using standard procedures. Show More Sentences By understanding the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, scientists might be able to slow down motor neuron degeneration, stop loss of axons and favor their regeneration. Then the shaking causes the snails statocyst to release GABA, which binds to the neuron. Recent research suggested genetic defects in dynein, a transporter protein in cells, could provide a common underlying mechanism of ALS and other forms of motor neuron disease. Progressive pseudo bulbar palsy, which is not a motor neuron disease but is similar to motor neuron diseases in presentation, will be considered a motor neuron disease. This chemical messenger is dopamine, an infinitesimal chemical molecule, released by the neuron, which will act on other neurons, connecting to precise sites, the receptors, like a key that is inserted into a lock. After repolarization there is a period during which a second action potential cannot be initiated, no matter how large a stimulus current is applied to the neuron. Human endogenous retrovirus-K contributes to motor neuron disease. The first neuron connects the retina with the pre-tectal nucleus at the level of the superior colliculus in the mid-brain. Thus using a sigmoid function in the output neuron would force an additional transformation of output values before passing training data to the net. There is more variation in the females' phonotactic response and the L3 neuron compared to the variation in the male's calling song. Zoster may be associated with serious complications such as PHN, scarring, bacterial superinfection, motor neuron palsies, pneumonia, encephalitis, Ramsay Hunt syndrome, visual impairment, hearing loss, and death. Nervous system disorders: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, dizziness, Guillain-Barré syndrome, headache, motor neuron disease, paralysis, syncope sometimes accompanied by tonicclonic movements, transverse myelitis. Dying back is a form of axonal degeneration in which the axon of an unhealthy neuron progressively degenerates over weeks or months, gradually spreading to the cell body. Amphetamines are thought to block the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into the presynaptic neuron and increase the release of these monoamines into the extraneuronal space. The released neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors, leading to a response in the postsynaptic neuron. Cordycepin decreases activity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron through membrane hyperpolarization. Analysis of their function is ongoing and will involve moving from the global analysis of the RNA of the prefrontal cortex to that of the proteins at neuron level. Of the wine set, 29 out of the 36 compounds elicited clear excitatory responses in at least one receptor neuron. Neurologic examination revealed bilateral hind limb paresis with upper motor neuron signs present in both legs and the vent. Aren't all facts, at the neuron and synapse level, really the same? Show More Sentences In all cases, when the level of depression is high, the neuron can fire action potentials sporadically during the interstimulation intervals. The first invertebrate in which a neuron cell was identified was the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis. Postradiation lower motor neuron syndrome presenting as monomelic amyotrophy. A case of cervical radiation radiculopathy resembling motor neuron disease. An abnormal Babinski reflex occurs when upper motor neuron damage has developed. Each neuron of the SCN contains the molecular components to generate rhythmicity in the absence of external cues. The very architecture of his brain is being unknitted, neuron by neuron. Signs of neuron degeneration in the myenteric plexus were found in seven patients, six of whom had lymphocyte infiltration. Llansola et al. 1999: Decrease in pup body weight, decreased number of cells in cerebellum, disaggregation of microtubules and neuronal death in cerebellar neuron cultures. The presynaptic terminal is unmyelinated and is separated from the neuron or muscle cell onto which it impinges by a gap called the synaptic cleft, across which neurotransmitters diffuse when released from the vesicles. The patch-clamp technique electrically isolates a small patch of neuron or muscle cell membrane by applying the tip of a micropipette filled with conducting solution to the membrane and forming a tight seal with it. Time course and manner of Purkinje neuron death following a single ethanol exposure on postnatal day 4 in the developing rat. During refractory period, neuron does not change its potential. A single neocortical neuron has 2500 connections at birth, but by age 2, it may have up to 15,000 synaptic connections. When a nerve impulse reaches the end of the motor neuron, ACh is released from the presynaptic nerve ending into the synaptic cleft. An unmyelinated neuron passing its electrical signal down the axon is analogous to the eraser being handed to each student in turn. A third application to create cybrids for studying motor neuron disease will also be submitted by a team from King's and the University of Edinburgh. Alternately, the variation in motor neuron number may be trivial and have little functional impact, because crustacean muscles generally have sparse polyneuronal innervation. The drug competitively binds to two subtypes of orexin neuron receptors, interfering with orexin neurotransmission to facilitate sleep onset and maintenance. Effective brain function depends on the efficient signalling from one neuron to the next, a process that depends on a quick release of neurotransmitters at synapses. Show More Sentences Neither untreated mice nor Prozac-treated mice whose hippocampi have been irradiated with X rays to prevent new neuron formation seek out the food. The neocortical neuron number of the bottlenose dolphin is unknown. When a neuron is damaged by a toxin such as in Parkinson's, the astrocyte population grows rapidly around the other neurons in order to protect them from further damage. Gubernick, Sengelaub, and Kurz reported that mPOA neuron somal size increased in females following pregnancy, parturition and the initiation of maternal behavior. Examples from Classical Literature Thus the nervous impulse passes from one neuron to the other at these points of contact. It presupposes an active interposition of the glia cells between the axon of one neuron and the dendrons of another. It's merely a matter of altering the normal thresholds of the neuron memory-circuits. The contact of the axon of one neuron with the dendrons of another is called a synapse. That is not a loss of memory but a failure of neuron connections. The word is derived from the Greek neuron nerve, and astheneia weakness. These are transferred from neuron to neuron through the synapse. Find more words! 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