In Francia legal manuscripts acquired Germanic glosses, but no full-scale translation. |
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Coinage in both England and Francia was used as a means of affirming royal authority, though the volume of production of early medieval coinage is still in question. |
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In 782, Charlemagne abolished the system of Gaue and replaced it with the Grafschaftsverfassung, the system of counties typical of Francia. |
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To the south of Sussex lay the English Channel, beyond which lay Francia, or the Kingdom of the Franks. |
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It originated in the 7th century as a duchy of Francia, ultimately a recreation of the Roman provinces of Aquitania Prima and Secunda. |
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The latter, loyal to Francia, now went to war with his brother over full possession. |
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Likewise, the Franks of Western Francia form part of the ancestry of the French people. |
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West Francia extended further south than modern France, but it did not extend as far east. |
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Archbishop Wenilo of Sens officiated at the coronation, which included the first instance of royal unction in West Francia. |
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With the Treaty of Mersen in 870 the western part of Lotharingia was added to West Francia. |
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Odo, Count of Paris was then elected by nobles as the new king of West Francia, and was crowned the next month. |
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At this point, West Francia was composed of Neustria in the west and in the east by Francia proper, the region between the Meuse and the Seine. |
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In Lotharingia he earned the enmity of the new duke Gilbert, who in 919 declared loyalty to the new king of East Francia Henry the Fowler. |
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Following the death of Odo in January 898, Charles the Simple finally assumed the title of king of West Francia. |
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Soon the new monarch showed his ambition to conquer Lotharingia, the main objective of all the monarchs of West Francia since Charles the Bald. |
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The European Franks reached Francia under King Francio, just as Romulus went to Rome. |
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In the middle Rhine region of the map, the word Francia is close to a misspelling of Bructeri. |
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Both groups remained politically distinct until Clovis, a Salian and a member of the Merovingian dynasty, unified Francia. |
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All the Franks of Francia were subject to the same law code, which retained the overall title of Lex Salica. |
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During the 10th century there were several wars between East Francia and Denmark. |
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In 869 Lotharingia was divided between West and East Francia under the Treaty of Meersen. |
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Since eastern Francia could be identified with old Austrasia, the Frankish heartland, Louis's choice of terminology hints at his ambitions. |
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Under his grandson, Arnulf, the terminology was largely dropped and the kingdom, when it was referred to by name, was simply Francia. |
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From an early date the East Frankish kingdom had a more formalised notion of royal election than West Francia. |
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As part of Eastern Francia, the core areas that now encompass Austria were bequeathed to the house of Babenberg. |
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In 870, it became part of Eastern Francia, which developed into the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Francia is regarded as the common predecessor of the modern states of France and Germany. |
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After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, West Francia became the predecessor of France, and East Francia became that of Germany. |
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All the land between the Scheldt and the Vlie was incorporated into Francia. |
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The Carolingians were restored ten years later in West Francia, and ruled until 987, when the last Frankish King, Louis V, died. |
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Middle Francia was the territory ruled by Lothair I, wedged between East and West Francia. |
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Byzantine coinage was in use in Francia before Theudebert I began minting his own money at the start of his reign. |
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The continued existence of a West Frankish dialect in the Western, Romanized part of Francia is uncertain. |
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West Francia and Middle Francia suffered more severely than East Francia during the Viking raids of the 9th century. |
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Any firm distinction between the kingdoms of Eastern Francia and Germany is to some extent the product of later retrospection. |
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It is impossible to base this distinction on primary sources, as Eastern Francia remains in use long after Kingdom of Germany comes into use. |
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Peter from ninth-century Rome and Francia to thirteenth-century Peterborough where they appeared in an antiphoner at the Benedictine abbey there. |
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Laverde Gomez JA, van Schaik W, Freitas AR, Coque TM, Weaver KE, Francia MV, et al. |
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View the slideshow to see photos of Francia Raisa and her embarassing Monroe wardrobe malfunction. |
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Archaeological remains support the notion that there were cultural influences from Francia in England at that time. |
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In 933, the islands were granted to William I Longsword by Raoul King of Western Francia and annexed to the Duchy of Normandy. |
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In 936, Otto I was crowned king of East Francia in the collegiate church built by Charlemagne. |
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Around 850, Lothair I of Middle Francia acknowledged the Viking Rorik of Dorestad as ruler of most of Frisia. |
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In 881, Charles the Fat was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor while Louis III of Saxony and Louis III of Francia died the following year. |
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His son, Pepin the Short, seized the crown of Francia from the weakened Merovingians and founded the Carolingian dynasty. |
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West Francia approximated the area occupied by, and was the precursor, to modern France. |
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These three kingdoms defined the political division of Francia until the rise of the Carolingians and even thereafter. |
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After the death of Charlemagne, Francia was divided in three parts among his three grandsons. |
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After the death of Lothair, the Low Countries were coveted by the rulers of both West Francia and East Francia. |
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Lothair took East Francia, comprising both banks of the Rhine and eastwards, leaving Charles West Francia with the empire to the west of the Rhineland and the Alps. |
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West Francia was the land under the control of Charles the Bald. |
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About the time that Edwin died in 633, a member of the East Anglian royal family, Sigeberht, returned to Britain after his conversion while in exile in Francia. |
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In 864 the King of West Francia, Charles the Bald, prohibited the construction of castella without his permission and ordered them all to be destroyed. |
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The Schnitzer M3 of Roberto Ravaglia, Roland Ratzenberger and Pirro managed to finished second, ahead of the Alfa Romeo 75 Turbo of Giorgio Francia and Nicola Larini. |
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West Francia would be ruled by Carolingians until 987 and East Francia until 911, after which time the partition of the empire into France and Germany was complete. |
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The territory initially known as East Francia stretched from the Rhine in the west to the Elbe River in the east and from the North Sea to the Alps. |
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After the Treaty of Verdun in 843, the Lotharingia was part of Middle Francia for a short time and both West and East Francia tried to gain control over it. |
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But law in Francia was to experience a renaissance under the Carolingians. |
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When the kingdom of Middle Francia was partitioned in 855, the lands north of the Alps passed to Lothair II and consecutively were named Lotharingia. |
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Historian Peter Brown has shown that it contained great linguistic and cultural diversities, for example, among Noricum, Ireland, Francia, Frisia, Germany, and Rome. |
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Saxony and Bavaria were united with Charles the Fat's Kingdom, and Francia and Neustria were granted to Carloman of Aquitaine who also conquered Lower Burgundy. |
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Modern France is still named today Francia in Italian and Spanish, Frankreich in German and Frankrijk in Dutch, all of which have the same historical meaning. |
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Following the Treaty of Verdun of 843, Alamannia became a province of East Francia, the kingdom of Louis the German, the precursor of the Kingdom of Germany. |
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Middle Francia was not united, and by the next generation it had disintegrated into smaller lordships, which West Francia and East Francia fought for control over. |
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The name of the code comes from the circumstance that Clovis was a Merovingian king ruling only the Salian Franks before his unification of Francia. |
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In 719, Francia was united permanently under Austrasian hegemony. |
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It has been used as a synonym for East Francia, though this is inaccurate. |
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By the 6th century, the Rhine was within the borders of Francia. |
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By the end of the 8th century, the Low Countries formed a core part of a much expanded Francia and the Merovingians were replaced by the Carolingian dynasty. |
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Chlodio's family, the Merovingians, extended Francia even further south. |
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Created in the year 862 as a feudal fief in West Francia, the County of Flanders was divided when its western districts fell under French rule in the late 12th century. |
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During this period Francia took on the tripartite character it was to have throughout the rest of its history, being composed of Neustria, Austrasia, and Burgundy. |
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The Carolingian dynasty of East Francia had died out in the early tenth century, and its new Liudolfing king, Henry the Fowler, was seen by many as an arriviste. |
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All the Frankish lands were briefly reunited by Charles the Fat, but in 888 he was deposed by nobles and in East Francia Arnulf of Carinthia was elected king. |
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The last record in the Annales Bertiniani dates to 882, and so the only contemporary narrative source for the next eighteen years in West Francia is the Annales Vedastini. |
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The term orientalis Francia originally referred to Franconia and orientales Franci to its inhabitants, the ethnic Franks living east of the Rhine. |
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In the 730s the Arab conquerors of Spain, who had also subjugated Septimania, began advancing northwards into central Francia and the Loire valley. |
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After the death of East Francia's last Carolingian king Louis the Child, Lotharingia switched allegiance to the king of West Francia, Charles the Simple. |
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After 925 Rudolf was involved in a war against the rebellious Herbert II, Count of Vermandois, who received support from kings Henry the Fowler and Otto I of East Francia. |
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Out of reach of Pepin, he repudiated all loyalty to Francia. |
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Because of this, their cousin Charles the Fat, already Holy Roman Emperor and King of East Francia, was invited by the nobles of the Kingdom to assume the throne. |
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