| In 933, the islands were granted to William I Longsword by Raoul King of Western Francia and annexed to the Duchy of Normandy. |
| In Francia legal manuscripts acquired Germanic glosses, but no full-scale translation. |
| It originated in the 7th century as a duchy of Francia, ultimately a recreation of the Roman provinces of Aquitania Prima and Secunda. |
| Coinage in both England and Francia was used as a means of affirming royal authority, though the volume of production of early medieval coinage is still in question. |
| Archaeological remains support the notion that there were cultural influences from Francia in England at that time. |
| In 881, Charles the Fat was crowned the Holy Roman Emperor while Louis III of Saxony and Louis III of Francia died the following year. |
