| Cancer, thyroid dysfunction, lipoprotein disorders, hypertension, arrhythmias and varicosis were also less frequent in cases than in control subjects. |
| Combinations of primary and secondary varicosis often occur in the clinic. |
| Epidural vein varicosis, enlargement of epidural veins secondary to disc herniation usually on the lumbar spine, can mimic the clinical signs of disc herniation or spinal stenosis. |
| The lower rate of vision and hearing problems, arrhythmias, hypertension, varicosis and musculoskeletal diseases in our study matches this hypothesis. |
| Primary varicosis with tendency to thrombosis, particularly when blood circulation is slow, e.g. after extended bed rest. |
| Secondary varicosis as a consequence of vein disease, which leads to occlusion or local failure of the valves in the affected veins. |
