| Silver and copper ions have one valence electron outside their closed shells. |
| The fourth valence electron in carbon has its orbital perpendicular to the plane. |
| This model is not as successful in treating metals such as aluminum, which have more than one valence electron. |
| The chart shows how individual spectral lines appear during energy leap of a valence electron into a different quantum state. |
| Colors of light are related to the effects exerted on the valence electron of an excited atom. |
| Due to the presence of a ring, cycloalkanes have two less H atoms than open-chain alkanes in order to satisfy the valence electron rule. |
