| Varieties of this perennial undershrub have woody and fibrous roots, with numerous round, hard, and branched stems, usually 4 to 8 inches long. |
| Overall, undershrub seed densities did not differ between burned and unburned areas. |
| It is an undershrub, the stem of which is compressed and angular below, and armed with prickles at the angles. |
| Linnaea borealis named after Carl Linnaeus, commonly known as twinflower, is an undershrub of woods with a circumpolar distribution in boreal forests. |
