| The brotherhoods' temperance activity incorporated aspects of earlier working-class and middle-class temperance efforts. |
| In the 1830s, a third movement, the teetotal movement, emerged and radicalized temperance reform in two ways. |
| The challenge for the railroad brotherhoods, of course, was to make good on their temperance promises. |
| Women's temperance rhetoric and activity bolstered brotherhood temperance efforts and to an extent influenced union policy. |
| On the other hand, the temperance narrative confines perception, and thus representation, within the limits of its own ideology. |
| The nascent temperance movement, too, is suggested by the rotund whiskey jug placed prominently in the foreground. |
