| This can be shown electrophysiologically by accelerating the tarsus at small amplitudes and variable frequency. |
| Hen flea infestations significantly reduced nestling body mass, tarsus and wing length, and the number of young fledged by the hosts. |
| At 2000 h every day, chicks were weighed on the precision balance, and their tarsus length measured by using a pair of calipers. |
| Body mass was measured using a spring balance, and tarsus length by a caliper. |
| Although both groups exhibit very similar chondrogenic patterns of the tarsus, only the amphibian pattern is preserved through osteogenesis. |
| Body condition was calculated as the ratio between the weight at capture and cube root tarsus length. |
