| Two general types of reactions, known as spallation and fragmentation, are distinguished. |
| These lightweight nuclei are probably produced by the breakdown, or spallation, of heavier elements, such as iron and magnesium, by high-energy particles in stellar atmospheres or in the early stages of star formation. |
| His firm, Potter Drilling, is pursuing a process called spallation, which uses superheated steam. |
| The original designs for spallation drills in the 1950s effectively used jet engines to fire hot air at rocks. |
| The new observations could help them explain the radioactivity as the product of energetic particles from the flares bombarding matter in the solar system, known as spallation. |
| Radioactive nuclei are generated by spallation, fission, or fragmentation reactions of a projectile with a thick target. |
