| In rats, the CO2-sensitive neurons of the caudal medullar raphe act during sleep only. |
| If the variant is bilateral the deviant muscle plate has a raphe in the median line. |
| The second pathway arises from the median raphe and enervates the hippocampus and appears to mediate resilience and adaptation to stress. |
| Because most medullary raphe neurons that project to motoneurons are inhibited by vagal afferents. |
| Its fibers pass dorsally from an extensive anterior attachment to insert on the pharyngeal raphe, the pharyngeal tubercle of the occipital bone. |
| Second, there is a midbrain trigger, perhaps in serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe. |
