| Predation of a prey by a predator usually takes much more time than the parasitization of a host by a parasitoid. |
| Therefore, any reduction in the complement activating function of the host may reduce the chances of parasitization. |
| Multicellular organisms continually defend themselves against parasitization by potentially harmful microbes. |
| They are known to attack Brown-headed Cowbirds, and the low rate of cowbird parasitization of their nests seems to indicate that their defense is effective. |
| We tested the reproductive compensation hypothesis against the alternative hypothesis that parasitization depresses host resource allocation to reproduction. |
| Vasogenic edema from compressive ischemia, venous stasis or parasitization of pial vessels may also occur and can be extensive. |
