| Double effects of illusion and objectness, image and stuff, grace and crudity afflict comprehension. |
| Another device he used to emphasize the objectness of his paintings was to leave exposed the ragged edge of the canvas and the staples used to attach it to the stretcher. |
| Like much of the work, these are surrounded by painted frames that are part of the overall composition and underscore the objectness of the artwork. |
| In addition, they might also be seen as a hybrid of painting and bas-relief, so emphatic are their materiality and objectness, their presence as things in the world. |
