| Symptoms included veinal yellowing, veinal necrosis, dried flower clusters and reduced lignification of canes. |
| It then lays its eggs in the folds of the leaf, which dries up and hampers ripening and lignification. |
| As plants do not possess a mechanism to degrade lignins, lignification represents a significant, non-recoverable investment of carbon and energy. |
| It seems to be associated with lignification of host endodermis and pericycle cells at the penetration site. |
| Moreover, as fruit ripens, the achenes undergo a strong lignification of their thick pericarp. |
| Roots may also be closely associated with other organisms, such as soil biota or symbionts, and differ in their degree of lignification. |
