Identifying the conditions under which secondary reproduction or facultative iteroparity may occur is correspondingly important. |
Conceptual and mathematical models identify the conditions under which annual semelparity has a selective advantage over perennial iteroparity, where semelparous and iteroparous life histories are discrete alternatives. |
American Shad show a latitudinal gradient between semelparity and iteroparity throughout its range. |
The degree of iteroparity of the population. |