| The most common cause of redness is gingivitis, in which the erythema is usually restricted to the gingival margins and interdental papillae. |
| Other oral conditions including dental abscesses, caries, gingivitis and oral ulceration may occur. |
| Widespread erythema, particularly if associated with soreness, is usually caused by desquamative gingivitis. |
| Chronic periodontitis may be a sequel of chronic gingivitis, usually because of accumulation of plaque and calculus. |
| Gum bleeding is usually caused by gingivitis which is inflammation of the gum margin around the necks of the teeth. |
| Acute ulcerative gingivitis results from severe infection of the gums and is extremely painful. |
