| Paleointensity cannot be predicted by theory or from numerical simulation, since the mechanisms involved in the geodynamo are not sufficiently constrained. |
| Convection currents are what ripple through the mantle and shuffle around the tectonic plates, and convection stokes the geodynamo that yields our switching field. |
| The core does leave faint but readable marks on the surface, by way of the magnetic field that loops out from the vast chthonic geodynamo of swirling iron, permeating the planet and reaching thousands of miles into space. |
| Such effects may still provide a small bias that are part of the boundary conditions for the geodynamo. |
| They concluded that the core was losing two to three times as much heat to conduction as previously believed, which would leave too little thermal energy to account for the convective forces that power the Earth's geodynamo. |
