| Triploidy and gynogenesis can be artificially induced in this species. |
| Before examining the transcript levels in triploid hybrids, the effects of triploidy per se need to be considered. |
| However, in our study we found one case each of triploidy and of tetraploidy. |
| The first hypothesis assumes that triploidy is associated with the origin of parthenogenesis and that both diploid and tetraploid parthenogenetic forms are derived. |
| Mixoploidy has not been reported for Polycelis nigra, but examples from triploidy to hexaploidy and hyperploidy are frequent. |
